MYMENOPTEROUS FAMILY STEPHANID^. 715 



Stephanus. 



Tlie designation Stejihanus Jur., originally applied to the 

 whole family, was restricted by Enderlein (2), p. 473, to the 

 species possessing " complete " neuration, comprising three basal 

 cells, the costal, median and inner snbmedian, and three outer 

 cells, cubital, discoidal, and external or outer suhmedian, together 

 with a closed radial cell ; and I follow him in calling this group, 

 so characteiized, the subgenus Stephanus. 



Unlike other subgenera, it is distributed throughout the 

 whole range of the family, and to it belong the few known 

 European species. 



There does not appear to be any character, other than the 

 neuration, by which the species of this subgenus can be distin- 

 guished from those of any other. As a rule they are large 

 insects, mainly black, often witli a red head, but size varies in 

 the females from 10-40 mm. 



The terebra varies from slightly shorter than the body to 

 twice its length. The males are mostly smaller than the 

 females, though in some species the few specimens known of 

 botli sexes are nearly of the same size. Temples smooth and 

 shining, unless otherwise stated. 



The type of the subgenus is S. serrator Fab., which is 

 unfortunate in some respects, as it has iive-jointed hind ta.rsi in 

 both sexes and tridentate femora ; the former character is 

 unique and the latter is shared only by /S, borneensis Sauss. 

 S. tibialor Schlett., from Aden, is exceptional in having the hind 

 tarsi three-jointed in the male. 



The characters utilized for diflferentiation of species in the 

 following table are : 1st, number of joints in hind tarsi ; 2nd, 

 sculpture of temples ; 3rd, colour of sheaths of terebra. Other 

 important points are : relative proportion of petiole to I'est of 

 abdomen ; sculpture of head and thoi"ax ; length of basal 

 antennal joints : and colour of wings. 



The colour of the head (black, red, or, in one case, yellow) is a 

 good distinction ; here, as among Coleoptera, it is often found 

 the black shows a tendency to become rufescent, but can never 

 be mistaken for a true red. 



Table of tSpeoies. 



?■ 



(2.) 1. Hind tarsi o-jointed ; hind femora tridentate ; temples finely 



rugose-punctate. 8-17 mm 1. serrato7' F ah. 



(1.) 2. Hind tarsi 3-jointed ; hind femora bidentate (except No. 25). 



(8.) 3. Temples coarsely rugose-punctate. 



(,5.) 4. Antennse very short ; temples with a smooth space behind 



eyes; head bordered ; mesonotum entire 2. aiitinorii Grihodo. 



(4.) 5. Antennae normal. 



(7.) 6. Temples with smooth raised space behind eyes : prothorax 



normal ; hind femora slender 3. ,gigas Schlett. 



