CALIFORNIA PHRYGANIDIAN. 563 



tober I most of the larvae had pupated, the naked chrysa- 

 hds being conspicuous objects on the tree-trunks, on fences 

 and the vv'alls of buildings near trees. When the larva is 

 ready to pupate, it lies along the bark head downward 

 with body contracted longitudinally and a little curved. 

 It then spins a thin irregular net of silk (showing well 

 when the larvae pupated on the glass sides of breeding 

 jars), covering very thinly the surface against which it 

 lies. The chrysalid is attached to the supporting object 

 only by the projecting caudal process (see d, plate Ivi), 

 although the body of the chrysalid rests against the thin 

 silken net. The fresh chrysalid is fleshy pinkish-yellow, 

 and it retains a considerable sensitiveness and mobility 

 up to the time of the issuance of the imago. 



By the middle of October many moths were flying. 

 In the laboratory the pupal stage was uniformly of ten 

 days' duration. The moths were very abundant all 

 through the latter half of October, fluttering with a pretty, 

 wavering flight through the foliage of the oaks. The 

 eggs are laid in patches commonly on the under side of 

 the oak leaves (occasionally on the upper side), from two 

 dozen (rarely fewer) to four dozen being laid together. 

 They lie in a single layer, almost or barely touching one 

 another, and often in irregular lines. In the laboratory 

 the &^^ stage lasted twelve days in all instances noted. 

 But out of doors the eggs did not begin hatching until 

 about December; and then they hatched irregularly, un- 

 hatched eggs being found up to January i. As late as 

 February 14 larvae in the first stage were found. The 

 eggs show in a couple of days a shallow polar depression, 

 and surrounding it a zone of pinkish-brown. This zone 

 in eggs five days old is a striking cherry red. Just be- 

 fore hatching the ^^^ becomes pink and ashy mottled all 

 over. The larvae display a singular slowness of growth. 



