516 A Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Hainan 



3.— AFFINITIES. 



The Lepidopterous fauna has three affinities. Most forms are 

 closely allied to or are identical with Himalayan forms, others are 

 similarly identified with those inhabiting South China, and others 

 again are closely allied to Tonkin and Burmese forms. There is, 

 therefore, a parallel affinity with that of the avifauna (cf. Hartert, 

 Nov. Zool., xvii, p. 189, 1910). We shall give a detailed account of 

 the distribution at the end of the catalogue. 



4.— SYNONYMY. 



It has been found necessary to sink a number of names in cases 

 where a comparison of large material has shown no constant variation 

 in the Hainan form. The following names are therefore treated as 

 synonyms. An additional list will be given in connection with the 

 second part of this catalogue. 



Prioneris thestylis hainanensis Fruh. 



Huphina nama hainanensis Fruh. 



Appias hippoides Moore. 



Appias indra menandrus Fruh. 



Terias hainana Moore. 



Terias attenuata Moore. 



Terias arcuata Moore. 



Danaida liminiace norinia Fruh. 



Euploea musa Swinh. 



Euploea negleyana Holl. 



5— CATALOGUE OF LEPIDOPTEBA. 



Forms which are recorded for the first time and those new to 

 science and described elsewhere, are marked with an asterisk. 



EHOPALOCEEA. 



Papilionidab, 



1. Papilio (Troides) helena spilotia Eoths. 



Entomologist, xli, p. 4 (1908) (Hainan). 



Interior, September, three 3 3 , two ? ? , October, one ? , no 

 date, two 3 3 , one ? ; Leanui, wet month, one 3 ; Hoihow, October, 

 one ? . 



No. 



38. 



No. 



43. 



No. 



45. 



No. 



47. 



No. 



57. 



No. 



68. 



No. 



77. 



No. 



78. 



