412 Notes and Reflections during a Tour : — 



apparent. Every estate, however, abounding in timber and 

 in stone for building, and great part of the country being on 

 a basis of limestone rock or limestone gravel, facilities were 

 readily afforded for a labourer to enlarge his cottage, and to 

 add to it the necessary agricultural buildings. Scarcely any 

 outlay was required from him but labour; and, as the produce 

 was entirely for his own benefit, and for that of his family, his 

 exertions were extraordinary. By degrees, cottage dwellings, 

 of a somewhat improved description, and small farm-houses 

 and farmeries, appeared in those parts of the country where 

 the soil was most rich ; not, however, detached, as in Britain, 

 but chiefly congregated together in small villages. The system 

 of culture did not, at first, improve as a system ; but, the 

 common operations of the established practice being more 

 carefully performed, better crops were produced. Ultimately, 

 however, the system became improved, in consequence of the 

 operation of the national education that was established when 

 the monasteries were put down ; and by the teaching of agri- 

 culture and gardening, both by books and examples, in these 

 schools. One of the first consequences was an improved rotation 

 of crops. We have already enlarged on this subject in a 

 preceding volume (Vol. IV. p. 494-.), and have only further to 

 observe, that almost the whole of the details of agricultural 

 improvement in Bavaria have originated with M. Hazzi, an 

 agricultural writer, and editor of an agricultural journal in 

 Munich. The activity and patriotic benevolence of this gentle- 

 man are beyond all praise. It was chiefly through his exer- 

 tions that a piece of ground was added to every parochial 

 school in Bavaria, to be cultivated by the scholars in their 

 leisure hours, under the direction of the master. In these 

 schools, Hazzi's catechisms of gardening, of agriculture, of 

 domestic economy and cookery, of forest culture, of orchard 

 culture, and others, all small 12mo volumes, with woodcuts, 

 sold at about 4^d. each, are taught to all the boys ; and those 

 of gardening, the management of silkworms, and domestic 

 economy, to the girls. Since these schools have come into 

 action, an entirely new generation of cultivators has arisen ; 

 and the consequence is, that agriculture in Bavaria, and 

 especially what may be called cottage agriculture and eco- 

 nomy, is, as far as we were able to judge, carried to a higher 

 degree of perfection than it is any where else in the central 

 states of Germany : at all events, we can affirm that we never 

 saw finer crops of drilled Swedish and common turnips, or 

 finer surfaces of young clovers, than we observed along the 

 roadsides in October and November, 1828. The fences, also, 

 were generally in perfect order, and a degree of neatness 



