16 LÖNNBERa, THE BIOLOG Y OF THE CASPIAN SE A. 



Stat. 11. 26/4. 48^ 41' E. long. (Greenw.), 45' 7' N. lat. 



Temperature from suriace to the bottom + 13°. 5 C. ^) 

 Depth 30 feet. The bottom material consisted mostly of dead 

 Shells and some algge hut no muddy deposits. In addition to 

 the invertebrates were obtained some gobies. The living Cardia 

 were not numerous, but there were several species of Gastropoda 

 and a great number of Amphipoda. 



The new Melohesia was also common on dead shells. 



Stat. 12. 48' 33' E. long. (Greenw.), 45° 6' N. lat. 



Temperature from surface to bottom + 13° C. Depth 24 

 feet. Bottom material: dead shells and small algse, but no 

 muddy deposits. It is to be observed here that among the dead 

 shells of marine origin a number of shells of freshwater mollusca 

 was also found {Anodonta, Vivipara etc.) which certainly had 

 not lived on the place where they were found, but had been 

 carried there by the drifting ice from the rivers. — In such a 

 manner shells of freshwater-forms can be carried a very long way 

 which is proved by the fact that the present author picked shells 

 of Vivipara and other freshwater mollusca on the Transcaspian 

 islands Svjätoj, Kulali a. o., together with nuts of Trapa of a 

 similar origin. Identical circumstances probably occur in many 

 other places and have also occurred in former days. It therefore 

 ought to be a warning to geologists to not too quickly draw 

 conclusions about the freshwater origin of some deposits in which 

 such fresh water remains have been found. — Gobies were 

 numerous at this station. The fauna was, on the whole, the same 

 as in Stat. 11. 



Stat. 13. 48° 2' E. long. (Greenw.), 45° 9' N. lat. 



Temperature at the surface + 14°. 6 C, at the bottom 

 + 14°. 4 C. Depth 9 feet. The bottom material consisted mainly 

 of Dreyssena, living and dead. This mollusca produces similar 

 and analogous conditions as Mytilus does in many places at our 

 coasts. Benthophilus was found here. This as well as other 

 records, made above, about the occurrence of this genus of fish 

 ^) There had been a storm two days before. 



