6 HENRIK PRINTZ [1916 



IV. Swampy Fields. The yegetation of the swampy mea- 

 dows consisls mainly of various spedes of Carex, with here and 

 Ihere small patches of Rub us chamaemorus and Rubiis arcticus var. 

 grandifloriis. On very swampy ground we find tufts of rush and 

 other aquatic plants with several species of lilies etc; there are 

 also some few trees in the fens, mainly Larix sihirica and large 

 continuous fields of Vaccinium uliginosiim and Carex; the water 

 forms in places pools of greater or less extent, either with a rich 

 abundance of aquatic plants, or clear, wdth mud bottom, and no 

 particular vegetation. In some of the mossy meadows on the 

 higher sites, dwarfed specimens of Ahies sachalinensis and Larix 

 sibirica are frequently found. The surface of the soil is here 

 generally found to be covered by Sphagnum, with Rubus 

 chamaemorus and Vaccinium uliginosum. Here and there little 

 mounds exhibit a growth of small Salix- and Betula /7a/?a-bushes, 

 and not infrequently Empetrum nigrum. In very swampy loca- 

 lities Hippuris and other marsh growths are also found, besides 

 various Carex species. 



V. Pa stu re land. This locality is lying in the immediate 

 vicinity of the village. It is a sandy heath, closely overgrown with 

 small trees and shrubs such as Betula alba, Ulmus campesiris 

 var. laevis, Populus suaveolens, Quercus, Acer, Prunus Padus, 

 Crataegus, Laris sibirica, Pinus, etc. and with an undergrowth 

 of Hypnum and Cladonia for the most part, in addition to 

 Empetrum nigrum and Vaccinium vitis idaea. Where the soil is 

 somewhat moister, in hollows and the like, Abies sachalinensis 

 is also found. A good many years ago, these grounds were 

 devastated by fire, and in consequence, we now^ lind tracts of 

 more or less considerable extent with a fairly luxuriant vege- 

 tation, mainly consisting of various species of Careæ. Throughout 

 almost the whole of this area charred and mouldering remains 

 of tree trunks lie scattered about, and numbers of dry trees, 

 now for the most part broken, are ever3''where to be seen. 



VI. Lowland forest region. This may be divided into 

 three categories, all rather sharply distinct as regards vegetation. 



A. The foliferous tree tracts consist for the most part of Ulmus 

 campestris var. laevis, a few Betula nana and Populus suaveolens. 

 These localities, which have an extraordinarily luxuriant under- 

 growth of all kinds of herbs, are found for the most part on 

 moist ground watered by rivers and streams. 



B. The Larch forrests (Larix sibirica) are of high growth 

 and almost entirelv free from admixture with other trees. The 



