Nr. 1] ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON ANELASMA AND SCALPELLUM 15 



these coinnective parts exhibit an almost sinew-like appearance; 

 with the aid of van Giesson's staining method the principal diffe- 

 rence between the muscle proper and the connective part can be 

 distinctly demonstrated, the latter being coloured a vivid red, 

 owing to its affinity to acid fuchsine, whereas the muscle proper is 

 stained an intense yellow by the picric acid. The staining of the 

 connective parts thus in this case coincides with that of the cuticle. 

 There is nevertheless also a principal difference between the 

 cuticle and the connective parts, as is demonstrated by preparations 

 stained with boraxcarmine-bleu de Lyon; in this case the cuticle is 

 bright blue (pl. V, fig. 25), whereas the connective parts between 

 the muscles and the cuticle attain the same faint violet colour as 

 the protoplasm of the oesophagal epithelium. The transverse stripes 

 of the muscle fibres are, of course, lacking in the connective parts. 

 — In the longitudinal sections the ring muscle sheath is seen to 

 consist of individual bundles of muscle fibres (pl. IV, fig. 17, ran.) 

 with undifferentiated bodies of cytoplasm containing the large 

 nuclei; the undifferentiated sarc is fixed to the muscle at the side 

 turning away from the himen of the oesophagus. 



In connection with the oesophagus w T e may also mention the 

 socalled »salivarj^ glands» («glandes salivaires» of Gruvel 

 1905, «Undelinierbare Organe 2», Nussbaum 1890) even though 

 they are situated outside the alimentary canal proper, and in 

 Scalpellum Strømii show no direct connection with the latter. The 

 glands in quesition are in this species gathered in two large groups, 

 one group at the oral side of the basis of each of the first pair of 

 cirri. In transverse sections through the basis and the basal joint 

 of the cirrus, the glands are gathered in the ventro -lateral pants, 

 and comprise one half to two thirds of the section of the basal joint, 

 and in longitudinal sections of the latter about one half of its 

 length. The secretions are emptied directly through minute pores 

 in the cuticle, without formation of special ducts. 



The entire organ is composed of large gland cells (pl. IV, fig. 

 19; pl. V, fig. 28); the nuclei are large, and situated in the middle 

 or basal part of the oell. The nucleus contains a large nucleolus; 

 the latter, after fixation in Bouin's fluid, is intensely blackened by 

 Weigert's haematoxyline — iron ammonium sulphate, it is also 

 rather distinctly visible when treated with boraxcarmine, whereas 

 Delafield's haematoxyline, on the other hand, does not stain it at 

 all. The staining methods mentioned further demonstrate that 

 the other chroimatic substance ot Uie nuclei occurs as a great many 

 smaller, intensely colouring granulations. When the animal has 

 been fixed in formaline, a staining in Weigerts haematoxyline — 

 iron ammonium sulphate only demonstrates the nucleolus, the 

 chromatic granula mentioned above remaining uncoloured. In 



