24 DR. H JALMAR BROCH [1918 



same might at first seem to hold good for the lacunary tissues, 

 through which the nutritive fluids pass throughout the body of 

 Anelasma. A doser study nevertheless reveals gland cells in the 

 mesodermal, oonnective tissues of the parasite, viz. the cementary 

 gland oells. — In Scalpellum the cementary glands gather into two 

 aggregates, sending their secretions through two separate main 

 ducts down to the base of the peduncle. In Anelasma, the 

 cementary glands are more numerous, and spread over the basal 

 parts of the mantle and the upper part of the peduncle; it is here 

 impossible to speak of definite aggregates of gland cells, or glands, 

 amdi it was impossible to trace their ducts ifarther down the peduncle; 

 quite on the contrary, the short ducts from the single gland cells 

 seem to open into the lacunæ of the connective tissue. The com- 

 paratively large number of cementary glands, and the extraordinary 

 size of the single gland cells in Anelasma, point to their playing a 

 gr eat part in the life history of the animal, and this part cannot be 

 the secretion of a cementing substance as supposed in other 

 cirripeds. Gruvel (1905) also attributes to the cementary glands 

 other secretorial functions, and his supposition would so far give a 

 good explanation of their great quantity in Anelasma, especially if 

 it oould be demon strat ed that their secretions stand in oonnection 

 with the dissolving fiaculty of the filaments as against the tissues 

 of the shark. The different results of the slaining methods stated 

 above also show a different nature of the seciretorial function of the 

 cementary glands in Scalpellum and Anelasma; it seems indis- 

 putable that this must stand in oonnection with the parasitic mode 

 of Life in the latter. 



The cementary gland cells, as mentioned, are oompairiatively large 

 in Anelasma. In this respect they markedly contrast with the 

 remaining somatic cells of the animal, which are not only oom- 

 paratively, but also absolutely smaller than in Scalpellum. This 

 feature is the more interesting because the latter species is the 

 smaller one, and it may piossibly be tåken as an evidence of the 

 more primitive position of Scalpellum. 



Summary. 



A short review of the investigatioms gives as main results that 

 Anelasma, in the coarser organisation of its alimentary canal, takes 

 up a rather intermediiate position between the lower orgamised 

 Scalpellum, and the soimewhat more highly speoialized Con- 

 choclerma, and Lepas. The digestive glands of Anelasma are in 

 their coarser anatomy niiore highly developed than in Scalpellum, 

 and somewhat approach highly organized species as Conchoderma; 

 on the other hand, their finer structure conveys the impiression of 

 resting, or even degenerating tissues. The digestive intestine proper 



