INTRODUCTION 



A. General 



Operation DEEP FREEZE 62 (1961-1962) marked the eighth consecutive year 

 of U . S . Navel Oceanographic Office participation in marine research In the 

 Antarctic. The National Science Foundation supported the scientific program, 

 and the ships taking part in the operation were assigned to Task Force 43. 



B. Summary of Operations 



Research was conducted during ships' transits to and from the Antarctic, in the 

 Ross Sea, and along Hobbs, Oates, and George V Coasts. Figure 1 shows the con- 

 voy route from New Zealand to McMurdo Sound and the ships' tracks of the three 

 principal survey ships: USS BURTON ISLAND (AGB-1), USS GLACIER (AGB-4), 

 and USCGC EASTWIND (WAGB-279). Supplementary observations also were ob- 

 tained from USS ATKA (AGB-3), USS ARNEB (AKA-56), USS VANCE (DER-387), 

 USS ELKHORN (AOG-7), and by shorebased personnel from NAF McMurdo and 

 NAVOCEANO aerial Reconnaissance Ice teams. Table 1 summarized these ob- 

 servations by ship or command. 



Underway observations Included sonic soundings, geomagnetic Intensity record- 

 ings. Ice observations, hourly or half-hourly bathythermographs, continuous sea 

 surface and air temperature recordings, and meteorological and sea and swell 

 observations . 



Hove-to observations included geomagnetic Intensity recordings, Nansen cast 

 oceanographic stations, coring and grab sample operations, current measurements, 

 plankton and biological tows, and bathythermograph lowerlngs (Fig. 2). 



Special McMurdo Sound observations Included current measurements and depth 

 soundings . 



Bathythermograph teams, aerographer mates and/or quartermasters took BT's 

 and recorded Ice, meteorological, and sea and swell observations. 



C. General Observational Techniques 



Nansen bottles, with deep sea reversing thermometers attached, were used to 

 observe temperatures and to collect water samples for salinity, dissolved oxygen, 

 and inorganic phosphate determinations. The bottles were placed at international 

 standard depths with additional bottles placed where supplementary Information 

 was desired . 



