CONTENTS 



Page 



CONVERSION FACTORS, U.S. CUSTOMARY TO METRIC (SI) 8 



I INTRODUCTION 9 



1. Formation 9 



2. Use 12 



II DUNE BUILDING 12 



1. Sand Movement 12 



2. Fences 15 



a. Types 15 



(1) Slat Fence 16 



(2) Fabric Fence 16 



b. Methods 20 



c. Results 24 



d. Limitations 24 



e. Advantages 24 



3. Vegetation 24 



a. Role 24 



b. Vegetation Zones 26 



(1) Pioneer Zone 26 



(2) Scrub or Intermediate Zone 26 



(3) Forest Zone 28 



c. Coastal Regions 28 



(1) North Atlantic Region 29 



(2) South Atlantic Region 29 



(3) Gulf of Mexico Region 29 



(4) North Pacific Region 29 



(5) South Pacific Region 29 



(6) Great Lakes Region 29 



d. Major Foredune Plants 29 



(1) American Beachgrass 30 



(2) European Beachgrass 32 



(3) Sea Oats 35 



(4) Bitter Panicum 38 



(5) Saltmeadow Cordgrass 41 



(6) American Dunegrass 41 



e. Propagation Techniques 43 



(1) American Beachgrass 44 



(2) Sea Oats 47 



(3) Bitter Panicum 48 



(4) Saltmeadow Cordgrass 49 



(5) European Beachgrass 50 



(6) American Dunegrass 51 



f. Planting and Maintenance 52 



(1) Soil Moisture 52 



(2) Salinity 53 



(3) Fertilization 54 



