to 0° F betveen 030OZ and lOOOZ, or 7 hours, a rate of 28 gm cal/cm^/hr. 

 These calculations are sumrnarlzed in Table k. These values are very 

 small compared to the advective variation vhich amounts to at least 

 590 gm cal/cm2/hr for the smallest standard deviation in Table 3. Hov- 

 ever, the vertical changes are much more regular and also much better 

 organized oving to the physical processes involved. 



TABLE k 



Hour (Z) 



2300. 

 0000- 

 0100- 

 0200- 

 0300- 



oUoo- 



0500- 

 0600. 

 0700. 

 0800- 

 0900. 



0000 

 ■0100 

 •0200 

 0300 



oUoo 



0500 

 0600 

 0700 

 •0800 

 0900 

 1000 



Energy Involved in Convective Mixing 

 Depth of Convection 



20 ft 

 20 ft 

 1*0 ft 

 UO ft 

 60 ft 

 60 ft 

 60 ft 

 60 ft 

 60 ft 

 60 ft 

 60 ft 



Energy 

 (gm cal/cm^/hr) 



22 



22 



54 (22 +32) 



32 



60 (32 +28) 



28 



28 



28 



28 



28 



28 



SUMMARY 



This study vas undertaken for the purposf; of estimating the nu- 

 merical values of various physical processes involved in the diiirnal 

 cycle of heating and cooling in the upper layer of the ocean. Magni- 

 tude of the vertical processes, convection and surface heatingj^, ha*/^ 

 been estimated with some degree of precision. However, the energy 

 contributed by the major horizontal process of advection is much 

 greater than that contributed by the vertical processes. In order to 

 incorporate advection into the deductive and predictive procedures 

 which are under development for the ASWEPS program, either a greater 

 number of accurate, closely- spaced synoptic observations must be ob- 

 tained, or thermal structure prediction must be confined to long time 

 periods in which advection can be minimized. Otherwise, direct means 

 of measuring advection must be devised. 



19 



