!98 



WARMING AND VENTILATING OCCUPIED BUILDINGS. 



11. Observation. — It will be seen that these pottery flues are only 

 suitable for rooms of ordinary size, and would be entirely insufficient for 

 large reception-rooms. p. . 



12. Third type, arch-shaped pipes called Qourlier^s. — (Fig. 5.) — 

 This form of pipe is only employed for small chimneys or where 

 stoves are used. The sections are molded in the form of v^ous- 

 soirs, and four are joined together to form the flue. Their thick- 

 ness is usually 2f inches. There are only two patterns, one 



forming a passage of 9i|- inches in diameter, or 76 square inches 



in area, designed for walls 1 



foot 7ii 



inches thick : the other 



having an internal diameter of Sfi inches, or 59 square inches 



in area, used for walls of 



1 foot 3f 



inches in thickness. These 



flues can only secure ventilation in very small rooms, and should 

 not have caps placed on them. Their use is generally limited 

 to rooms warmed by stoves. 



VENTILATING FIRE-PLACES. 



,13. These fire-places, the main idea of which is not new, are, 

 like many other plans proposed by build- 

 ers, intended to utilize more effectually 

 than the common forms the heat given 

 out by the fuel by introducing a consid- 

 erable quantity of fresh air, warmed to a moderate 

 degree, to replace that which" has passed up the 

 chimney, and also to reduce the amount of cold 

 air entering from the outside through the cracks 

 of the doors and 

 windows. But 

 while the plans 

 at first pro- 

 posed drew in 

 but a small 

 quantity of 



fresh air, scarcely equal to one-tenth of that pas- 

 sing out through the chimney, and raised it to 

 temperatures of from 200° to 250° and often more, 

 the forms devised by the ingenious Capt. Douglas 

 Galton for the fire-places of English barracks 

 have furnished 



a very satisfac- f" | [ '~'} Eip-. a 



tory solution of 

 the problem, as 

 has been proved 

 by some experi- 

 ments made 



with two fire-places of this kind at the Conservatory of Arts and Trades.* 

 _ * Auuales du Conservatoire, 6e A''olumej 18t)6. 



