KJOKKElSr-MODDINGS ON NORTHWEST COAST OF AMERICA. 355 

 AKROW-HEADS. 



The peculiarity of the shape of the arrow as well as spear heads 

 requires a certain classificatiou, and, having divided them into sets, I 

 here briefly mention the following kinds : 



Nos. 1 to 32. — With long barbs and with projections. 



Nos. 33 to 45. — With short barbs and with projections. 



jSTos. 46 to 47. — Without barbs and with projections. 



Nos. 48 to 94. — With barbs and without projections. 



(ISfos. 48 to 80.) a. Long arrow-heads. 



(Nos. 81 to 94.) h. Short arrow-heads. 



Nos. 95 to 96. — Of glass 5 were made in my presence by a Klamath 

 Indian, to explain the mode of manufacturing them. 



SPEAR-HEADS. 



Xos. 97 to 101. — Of a very clearly-defined shape, without barbs, but 

 with a projection. The pointed teeth show them to have been danger- 

 ous weapons. 



No. 123. — Same species, but blunt. 



I^Tos. 102 to 122. — With short barbs and with projection. 



]S[os. 124 to 177. — Leaf-shaped, without barbs or projections. 



jSTos. 178 (o 193. — With barbs, but without projections. The circum 

 stance that arrow as well as spear heads without projections were 

 fastened to the wooden shaft with sinews, holding them only long enough 

 to pierce the object, but detaching them when withdrawn, must lead 

 us to the conclusion that such implements were only used against 

 enemies, as making the most dangerous wounds. The well-fastened 

 heads with projections were better suited for hunting ; not only are they 

 preserved for future use, but the adhering shaft also impedes the flight 

 of the animal. 



KNIVES. 



Nos. 201 to 204. — Serai-oval. 

 Nos. 205 to 207. — Lancet-shaped. 



ADZES. 



:^fos. 196 to 200 and 213 to 214.— Of somewhat differing shapes; No. 

 198 excelling by its neatly -chipped edge. 



The manufacture of arrow and spear heads, knives, and adzes, and 

 in general of all such implements as are made of flint, obsidian, jasper, 

 &c., and which have sharp points and edges — if we suppose that the 

 ancient people were a kindred race with the present Klamath Indians — 

 may be described as follows : A piece of one of the above-mentioned 

 stones, which breaks sharp-cornered, and with a conchoidal fracture, is 

 heated in the fire, and then rapidly cooled, after which it is struck on 



