356 



ETHNOLOGY. 



the break-edge, by whicli means it is split into flakes. To such a flake a 

 suitable rough shape is given by striking it with a tool, such as may be 

 seen in Nos. 271 to 273, in which state the real manufacture commences. 

 For this purpose the tools are used which I have exhibited in the accom- 

 panying sketch, (Fig. B.) A j^iece of bone is fastened Fig.B. 

 to a wooden shaft IJ feet in length, (a,) the working 

 point of which [h) is ci-ooked and raised to an edge. 

 The applications to be made of this instrument are 

 shown with the two principal angles in cZ, onl^^ a 

 pushing force being employed during the time. To 

 guide the instrument with a steady hand thg" handle is 

 held between the arm and breast, while the point, with 

 but little play-room, assisted by the thumb, works on 

 the edge of the flake, which again is held, for greater 

 safety, in a piece of deerskin. After the two sides 

 have been worked down to a point, then another in- 

 strument is required, (c,) with which the barbs and 

 projections are broken out, (e.) This is a needle or awl, of about three 

 inches in length, (Nos. 233 to 235,) and by a pushing motion the desired 

 pieces are broken out in the same manner as with the first-mentioned 

 tool. 



It would be impossible to produce a more delicately-formed arrow- 

 head (as, for instance, No. 1) by hammering; and a short trial of 

 the above-described method will prove the advantage of this method of 

 operating. 



i^o. 208 — Is an implement of bone, which, together with skull No. 

 289, clay-pipe No. 242, and implement No. 269, I found in a grave in 

 Chetko. I saw a similar piece (Fig. E) Fig. E. 



in Orescent City, made of dark stone and 

 nicely polished, which was found in Happy 

 Gamp, at a depth of 40 feet below the 

 surface. 



No. 209. — Amulet ; probably worn as an ornament around the neck. 

 Although in shape it is similar to a sinker, it is too carefully made and 

 ornamented, as well as not heavy enough, to have been used for that 

 purpose. 



Nos. 210 to 287.— Wedges. 



Nos. 211 to 212.— Spades. 



Nos. 215 to 223.— Drills. 



No. 224. — Eubbing-pestle. 



Nos. 225 to 226.— Probably drills. 



Nos. 227 to 229.— Uukiaown. 



Nos. 230 to 232.— Drills of bone. 



Nos. 233 to 235. — Awls used to make arrow-heads, (Fig. B, c.) 



No. 236.— Unknown. 



