KJOKKEN-MODDINGS ON NORTHWEST COAST OF AMERICA. 357 



No. 237. — Ornament worn through the septum of the nose 5 prettily- 

 made and ornamented. 



No. 238.— Unknown. 



No. 239. — A fragment, of which a great number occur on the shell- 

 heaps where quarries appear to have existed. 



No. 240. — Unknown. 



No. 241. — Spoon of bone, which was found in a newer layer. 



Nos. 242, 243, 288. — Pipes ; the first one of clay, which I found in a 

 grave with Nos. 208, 269, and 289; the second one (No. 243) is of talc; 

 probably a failure, and, therefore, not completed, but exhibiting the 

 manner of manufacturing. The boring of the tube was evidently done 

 with an instrument, and, according to the explanation of an Indian, 



Fig. F. 



this tool is identical with a bow-drill, (Fig. F,) while the 

 larger opening, in which it is intended to place the to- 

 bacco, was hollowed out in the usual manner. The other 

 pipe (No. 288) appears to be an attempt to work in clay. 



Nos. 244 to 249. — Sinkers. I am not positive whether 

 No. 209 (also No. 244) was used as a sinker. 



Nos. 250 to 259. — Pestles. These instruments are of 

 different shapes, and are frequently found. But, be- 

 cause mortars are found but rarely, we must suppose 

 that in early times, as at the present, the pestles were 

 used mostly to crush acorns on a flat stone, around 

 I which was placed a low, bottomless basket, of about 

 IJ feet in diameter, into which were thrown the acorns 

 to be crushed, (Fig. C.) 



Fig. G. 



The slender pestles (Nos. 250 to 252) I think may also have been 

 used as war-clubs, in favor of which supposition is their shape, and also 

 the fact that they have been frequently broken by a side-pressure. 



Nos. 260 to 262.— Objects of the uses of which I have no very decidea 

 opinion. They may have been used as hammers to break shells of 

 acorns. 



No. 263. — Used to rub colors. 



Nos. 264 to 266.— Probably used to rub skins. The latter are not fin. 

 nished yet, thus showing the process of making them. But of the use 

 of No. 266 I am not sure. 



