I.EIPSIC MUSEUM OF ETHNOLOGY, 395 



common brotberhood. Considering- geographical, isothermal, chrono- 

 logical, tribal, linguistic, and religions divisions as subordinate, we must 

 adopt that order for which we are indebted to Wachsmuth and others 

 in general, but toDr. Gustav Klemm in particular, which considers human- 

 ity as one, and believing its progress to be as a whole ever onward and 

 upward, seeks to illustrate by the arrangement of objects in a museum, 

 reinforced by models, copies, photographs, drawings, charts, and an eth- 

 nological library, the growth of civilization in all those respects wherein 

 it has manifested itself. To quote the words of Klemm. 



"As natural science investigates, singly, the earth, the phenomena 

 which occur in and around it, the air, the water, the mountains, the rocks, 

 the plants, the animals, and mankind as parts of a grand whole, and then 

 groups them together, so also should the historian study and seek to com- 

 prehend and exhibit the human race, in all its members, as a totality, in 

 its origin, development, present condition, and future prospects, in all 

 its tendencies and relations." 



" Therefore, our point of view can be neither a political one, which 

 exhibits man in relation to the state, nor a literary, an artistic, an anti- 

 quarian, nor an industrial one, but that from which to observe and 

 study the gradual development of humanity out of a condition of child- 

 hood, or one closely approaching the brute creation, up to its separation 

 into organized communities, embracing all their adjustments, together 

 with their relations to culture, knowledge, skill, to domestic and public 

 life in peace and war, to religion, science, and art developed among 

 influences arising from climate, geographical jjosition, and tlie provi- 

 dence of God. Mankind is an individual whose organism, like that of 

 a human body, has its mysterious birth, its infancy, youth, and man- 

 hood, wherein it grows and waxes strong; and the possessor of intel- 

 lectual affections, it is the spiritual germ and bud which are destined to 

 become flower and fruit; ever growing old, it is to be ever renewed, 

 until it fulfills the end for which God created it. It is the objective 

 view of humanity upon the different stages of its development, rising 

 one above the other, or its whole life, so far as we are in position to 

 trace it backward and forward. " 



" The method which we ought to follow can scarcely be any other 

 than to study the various peoples of the earth in different times and 

 places; to consider carefully their condition; and then to classify them 

 conjecturally according to their place in the series. To-day we find the 

 dift'erent tribes of the world existing in diverse degrees of culture— the 

 Indio daMatto and theBosjesman, without shelter or personal possession j 

 the Arctic tribes, covered with fur and grease; the Negro and the an- 

 thropophagous New-Zealander, contemporary with the skillful Chinese, 

 the cultivated Japanese, the thoughtful German, just as ages ago th<^ 

 wandering Scyths, the Sarmatian savages, were with the Egyptians, the 

 Grqeks, and the Romans. If, therefore, we were to follow the guiding 

 threads of geography or chronology in arranging our material, we should 



