158 BULLETIN 34, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



MANGULUS Cope. 



Proceed. Ac. N;it. Sci. Pliila., 1869, DH-lOl ; Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Grad. 

 Brit. Mns., ed. ii, 1882, p. 75. 



Tongue free all rouiul, boletoid. Toes 4-4. Parietal bones ossified, 

 and Avitboat foiitanelle. Premaxillaries coossified. 



Tliis genus only differs from Spelerpes in tbe absence of a digit from 

 the biud foot, standing thus in tbe same relation to it that Hemidacty- 

 lium does to Plethodon. Its typical species was formerly referred to Ba- 

 trachoseps, but, besides the great difference in the tongue, the latter 

 has a parietal fontanelle and lacks the prefrontal bone. The latter 

 point is indicated by Eschscholtz in his atlas. In the present genus that 

 bone is present. 



The two species as yet known have a limited distribution. They are 

 the smallest North American salamanders. 



They are distinguished as follows: 



Tail stout, compressed; body shorter by length of femur; black, sides light 

 speckled it/, reiui/er. 



Tail slender, cyliudric; body longer; muzzle broader; yellowish, a dorso-lateral 

 brown baud M quadridigitatiia. 



MANCULUS KEMIFER Cope. t 



Eept. Peabody Ac, Salem, 1869, p. 84; Bouleuger, Cat. Batr. Grad. Brit. 

 Mus.,ed. II, 1882, p. 76. 



In this small salamander the length to the fore limbs enters that be- 

 tween the limbs but little over twice, indicating a less slender forui than 

 in the 8. quadridigltatus of equal size. The head is an elongate oval, 

 its width entering the leugth to the groin nearly seven times. There 

 are sixteen costal folds, including the axillar, and these are continued 

 upwards to near a median dorsal groove. The tail is deep and flat and 

 marked with the lateral intermuscular grooves, besides a strong median 

 groove above. The latter gives way to a low fin on the distal half of 

 the tail. 



The limbs are short and weak. The posterior extends forward over 

 six grooves and half an interspace, the anterior over five and one-half, 

 including the axillar. The fingers are slender; the interior on both 

 limbs quite short, though distinct. 



The vomerine teeth are in the two usual series, which are more pos- 

 teriorly directed than is usual. The parasphenoid patches cease far be- 

 hind the first mentioned, and are in narrow, very convex brushes, 

 which are distinct from each other throughont their length. The tongue 

 is elongate oval. 



The color is black above and dark brown below; the black extends 

 downwards and nearly meets round the neck below. The lower part 



