242 BULLETIN 34, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Ill later stages the structure of the parts about the mouth of the tad- 

 poles of the Salieutia furnishes other characteristic peculiarities. But 

 little has been done towards the description of these parts, the North 

 American* and European f species being thus far the only ones studied. 

 These studies have shown that the Hylidine, Bufonidne, and Ranidai have 

 certain characters in the regions mentioned. -Below the horny jaus 

 there is a deflexed lower lip, which displays a wide surface anleriorly. 

 This surface is traversed by transverse series of short more or less liook- 

 like bristles. Similar series may or may not extend across above the 

 upper jaw, or on the drooping upper lip at each side of the jaw. The 

 lower lip and part of the upper lip is surrounded by short obtuse papillee 

 in one or more series. 



Now in the Hylidse^ in the regions mentioned, no series of bristles 

 extend across above the upper jaw except a very short oue which 

 hangs over the jaw itself; and the upper lip-fold on each side of it 

 bears a row of papillae. The papilljTe form a complete border round 

 the lips, except the interruption at the middle above. lu the Bufouidse 

 there is a row of bristles entirely across the upper jaw, and another 

 below the first, interrupted at the middle region by the horjiy jaw. 

 The papilliie do not extend on the upper lip-border, and are uninter- 

 rupted at the middle of the margin of the lower lip. The papillarj^ 

 border presents an angle inwards at the line of junction of the upper 

 and lower lips. The Eanidte resemble the Bufonida?, with oue excep- 

 tion in the arrangement oi the papillary border. The latter is contiuu. 

 ous all around below. The u])per jaw is narrower than in the Bufonida3. 



Boulenger describes the larva of the Eana alticola of northeast India 

 as possessing three i)arotoid glands, two on the scapular and one on the 

 coccygeal region, which are not retained in the adult. Also a larva of 

 a tree frog from Java, probably a Ithacophoras, which possesses a ven- 

 tral suctoaial disk in the position of that of a fish of the Gobiesocidje. 



The external gills are suppressed on the right side before they are on 

 the left. In the Rmia clamata this suppression takes place on the third 

 day after leaving the egg, while the left gill remains until the eighth 

 day. When the internal gills are in functional use the water of respi- 

 ration issues, in most of the families, from a single rounded orifice on 

 the left side, the subcutaneous branchial chamber of the right side 

 communicating with that of the left side by way of the gular region, be- 

 neath the sublingual and geniohyoid muscles and the integument. (See 

 Plate 51, figs. 2-3-7-8.) The fore legs develop within these subcutane- 

 ous spaces behind the internal gills, and remain concealed up toaconsid- 

 fcrable (relative siae, and after the hind legs have acquired size enough 

 ifor some' functional efficiency. The left fore-leg then issues through the 

 b^ranchial orifice, and the right leg forces a passage through the integ- 

 ument at a corresponding position on the right side. For a time after 



* See Miss M. Hiiicklejs Proceed. Boston Soc. Hat. Hist., 1882, p. 307. 

 ..t Heron Eoyer et Van Bauibeke, Bull. Soc. Zool. Franco, April, 1881.. 



