258 BULLETIN 3i, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



pelma, wbicli is from New Zealand. The toes are webbed in all the 

 genera, and the external metatarsals are separated. 



Cepbalic iutegumeut iuvolved in cranial ossilicatiou, which, completes the o. o. frouto- 

 parietalia; two coccygeal cotyli aud diapophyses; ribs with posterior proc- 

 ess Latonia Von Meyer. 



Cephalic integniueut free; a small frontoparietal foutanelle (sometimes apimrently 

 closed by the ethmoid); prefroutralia largely ia~coutact; two coccygeal co- 

 tyli ; ribs with posterior process ; pupil round ; caviim tympani xjresent. No 

 jtarotoid glands Discoglossus Otth. 



Cephalic integument free; a frontoparietal foutanelle; vomerine teeth present; two 

 coccygeal cotyli ; pupil triangular ; no tympanum or Eustachian tubes (Bou- 

 lenger) Liopelma Steindachner. 



Cephalic integumeiit free ; a frontoparietal fontanelle. Prefontalia in contact 

 throughout ; two coccygeal cotyli ; no rudimental digit; typanum and cavum 

 tympani distinct ; pupil erect; parotoid glands present AlytesW&g).. 



Cephalic integument free from cranium; a frontoparietal foutanelle; prefontalia in 

 contact anteriorly ; one coccygeal cotylus ; no inner digit developed; no tym- 

 panum or cavum tympani; Eustachian tube rudimental or wanting; paro- 

 toid glands none Bombinator Merrem. 



All the characters of this family go to show that it is the nearest of 

 the Salientia to the original and now extinct type which formerly con- 

 nected that order with the Salamanders. These are, the presence of 

 ribs, the opisthoccel vertebra?, the distinctness of the carpal bones of 

 the distal row ; the inguinal grasp of the male in copula, and the fre- 

 quent presence of the cardinal veins. 



BUFONIDJE.* 



This is the only cosmopolitan family of Anura. It is chiefly repre- 

 sented by the genus Bufo, which exists in all the zoological realms ex- 

 cepting the Australian. The variations in structure are not so great 

 as in some other families. They are thus summarily reviewed by 

 Boulenger: 



"The omosternum is generally absent; if present, it is reduced to a 

 narrow cartilage. The sternum is usually a cartilaginous plate, which 

 in a few cases is ossified along its center; in Engystomops there is a 

 well-defined bony style supporting a cartilaginous disk. 



''The vertebrte are procoelous and without ribs. The diapophyses of 

 the sacral vertebrae are more or less dilated, but never to such a degree 

 as in the Pelobatidaj. The urostyle is attached to two condyles. 



"A frontoparietal fontanalle is present in Myobatrachus Engystomops 

 Pseudophryne aud Epidalea ; f aud in a few species of Bufo the derm is 

 completely involved in the cranial ossification. 



" In two genera the pupil is erect. 



" The distal phalanges are simply obtuse or T-shaped. 



" The Bufonidai include terrestrial, burrowing, thoroughly aquatic 

 (Nectes) and apparently arboreal (Nectophryne) types. Ehinophrynus 

 is a true ant- eater, as are several forms of Engystomidae."! 



* Plate 78. 



tThis genus is not admitted by Bonlonger. 



|: Catalogue Batr. Sal. Brit. Mas., ii, cd. 188?, \>. 27\'. 



