THE BATKACHIA OF NOETH AMERICA. 387 



PHKYNISOID^. 



Cope, Jouru. Ac, Phila., 1867, p. 190. 



I. Terminal phalanges enlarged at extremity : 



Pupil horizontal ; tympanum distinct ; toes free . . Sphenophryne Ptrs. & Dor. 

 Pupil horizontal ; no membranum tympani ; toes slightly webbed 



Scaphiophri/ne Boul. 



II. Terminal phalanges simple: 

 A. Pupil erect. 



No tympanic disk; toes webbed Melanoiatrachus Bedd. 



A. tym]3anic disk ; prefrontals joining each other and the frontoparietals 



Hypopaclms Keferst. 



AA. Pupil round. 



A. tympanic disk ; prefrontals continuous ; sclerotica ossified 



Stereocyclops Cope. 



AAA. Pupil horizontal. 



I. Prefrontals fully developed, formiag suture with each other and frontoparietals. 

 Ear perfectly developed ; toes webbed ; dorsum covered with a stratum of 



glands Calophrymis Tschudi. 



II. Prefrontals small, widely removed from each other and from the frontoparietals: 

 A. Ear perfectly developed. 



Two sharp-edged tubercles on metatarsus ; toes little webbed ; outer toe 



rudimental ; muzzle simple Copea Steind.* 



No tubercles on metatarsus ; toes slightly webbed, outer rudimental ; muz- 

 zle simple; two lobes of the liver Atelopus D. & B, 



Tubercles of tarsus rudimental; toes slightly webbed, all well developed; 

 a horizontal dermal process on extremity of mnzzle-Bhino derma D. & B, 

 AA. Ear imperfectly developed. 



Toesslightly webbed, outer small; metatarsus simple ; muzzle simple; liver 



with two lobes Phrynidiuvi Martens. 



Toes slightly webbed, no cutting metatarsal tubercles or dorsal dermal 



shield ; three lobes of the liver Phryniscus Wiegm. 



Toes slightly webbed ; no cutting tubercles ; a dorsal osseous dermal shield, 

 confluent with vertebral apophyses Brachyceplialus Fitz. 



One species of this family has been observed in Korth America. The 

 distribution of the known species is as follows : Sphenophryne, 1 species, 

 New Guinea; Scaphiophryne, 2 species, Madagascar; Melanobatrachus, 

 1 species, India ; ilypopachus, -3 species, Mexico and Central America ; 

 Stereocyclops, 1 species, Brazil; Calophrynus, 2 species Borneo, 1 species, 

 Madagascar ; Copea, 1 species, Brazil ; Atelopus, 1 species. Central Amer- 

 ica ; Phrynidiura, 11 species, South America; Rhinoderma, 1 species, 

 Chili; Phryniscus, 1 species, South America; Brachycephalus, 1 species, 

 Brazil ; total, 27. 



HYPOPACHUS Keferstein. 



Gottingen Nachrichten, 1867, p. 352; Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., ed. ii, 



1882, p. 159. 



No frontoparietal fontanelle. Frontoparietal and prefrontal bone 

 in contact, concealing the ethmoid. No omosternum. No dermo-ossi- 

 * The steynum of this genus not having been examined, its position is doubtful. 



