CLASSIFICATION OF THE SYNGNATHA.- 

 DY CHARLES H. BOLLMAN. 



Ill accordance with the views recently advanced by Pocock, Kings- 

 ley, and several continental writers, I have regarded the Syngnatha as 

 being more closely allied to the Hexapoda than to any orders of the 

 old group of Myriapoda. For the class including the Syngnatha and 

 Hexapoda, I propose the name Etymochila, in reference to the fact that 

 they are the only two groups which have a true labium. I have ar- 

 ranged the following classification according to an ascending series. 

 My reasons for placing the Lithobiidce lowest are as follows: 



1 (a) According to the investigations of Haase, in Lithobiiis,Hcnicop,s, 

 Cryptops, and in young specimens of Scolopendra and Dacetum, the spir- 

 acles are characterized by a feeble margin, a shortish cone, no closing 

 apparatus, and by the separate apertures of the trachea-. 



(6) That in the Geophilidm and Scolopendridw the tracheal system is 

 most highly developed. 



2. In the distribution of the genera of Anamorpha (Henicops, Lith- 

 obius, and Scutigera) we see indications of their oldness, while in the 

 distribution of a large number of genera of Epimorpha we observe that 

 they are confined to small areas and not cosmopolitan as the others. 



Although the Epimorpha may have the highest development of a 

 tracheal system, nevertheless in many points the Geophilidm show in- 

 dications of a degenerate family. 



Class ETYMOCHILA. 



Subclass I.-SYNGNATHA, 



A comparison of the characters of the Epimorpha and Anamorpha of 

 Meinert shows that his divisions should have the rank of orders. They 

 may be characterized as follows: 



a. Pairs of legs 15; coxa' large; females with external genital armature; hindgut 

 straight ; young born with seven pairs of legs Axamokpha. 



aa. Pairs of legs always more than 21; ox* small; females without external genital 

 armature; hind gut beat; young born with as many pairs of legs as adult 



Epimorpha. 



*Sinee Syngnatha, as denned by Leach, is an older name than the Chilopoda of 

 Latreille, it should be used insvead of the latter. 



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