[11] FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 117 



baited, or in traps similar to those used for the Lobster on the east 

 coast. The season extends through the entire year, but in the winter 

 they leave the shallow water, and are more difficult of capture. The 

 catch for 1880 amounted to 210,000 pounds, valued at $5,600. 



SHRIMP AND PRAWNS. 



At least seven species of Shrimp and Prawns enter into the fisheries 

 of the United States. They are as follows : Tfte Common Shrimp (Gran- 

 gon vnlqaris), the California Shrimp (Grangon franeiscorum), the South- 

 ern Shrimp and Prawns (Penceus setiferus and braziliensis), the Califor- 

 nia Prawns (Panclalus Dance and P. sp.), and the Eiver Shrimp (Palce- 

 mon Ohionis). Grangon vulgaris is common to both the Atlantic and 

 Pacific coasts, but so far as is definitely known, the two species of Penceus 

 are confined to the east side of the continent, and both species of Pan- 

 clalus to the west side. Palcemon ohionis occurs in the rivers of the 

 Mississippi Valley, and of the southeastern part of the United States. 

 Mr. W. N. Lockington records Penceus braziliensis doubtfully from the 

 California coast, and states that a species of Hippolyte (R. brevirostris) 

 occurs in small quantities in San Francisco Bay, and is frequently cap- 

 tured along with the two species of Grangon, and sold with them. Four 

 species of Prawns {Pandalus borealis, leptoceros, Montagui, and propin- 

 quus,) abound in moderate to considerable depths of water along the east- 

 ern coast, from off Nova Scotia to off the mouth of Chesapeake Bay, 

 and offer special inducements for a deep-water fishery, although they 

 have never yet been taken for market. Two species of fresh-water 

 Shrimp (Palcemon jamaicensis and P. forceps), which attain a much 

 larger size than any of the above, inhabit the rivers of Texas, and are 

 available as food, although apparently not so used at present. 



On the coasts of the New England and Middle States, Grangon 

 vulgaris is the only species of Shrimp of marketable size, which occurs 

 in sufficient abundance near the shore to be of practical value to man. 

 Along the eastern part of this district, and as far to the westward as 

 Buzzard's Bay, this common Shrimp is seldom utilized, excepting as a 

 bait by amateur fishermen. At New Bedford, Massachusetts, and New- 

 port, Rhode Island, there is a small and irregular fishery, mainly for 

 the supply of local markets. The most important fishery for Grangon 

 vulgaris, on the Atlantic coast, is at the western end of Long Island, 

 New York, where the season lasts from March until the middle of May, 

 the principal market supplied being New York City. About 4,000 gal- 

 lons of Shrimp were marketed from this region in 1880, but since then 

 the trade has considerably increased. The same species of Shrimp is 

 used as food and bait on the New Jersey coast. The fishery is mainly 

 carried on by means of scoop-nets. 



On the coast of the Southern States, the Shrimp fishery has attained 

 considerable development in some sections. Two species of Shrimp 

 have been definitely recognized from this region, Penceus setiferus and 



