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FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 519 



Kellogg, United States Navy, in 1877 ; and Lieutenant (nowLieutenant-Coinnianuer) 

 Z. L. Tanner, United States Navy, from 1879 to date. The latter officer is now in 

 command of the steamer "Albatross," which was constructed and equipped under his 

 direct supervision. His previous four years of service on the Commission's steam- 

 ers, " Speedwell " and " Fish Hawk" especially qualified him for this duty, which has 

 been discharged to the satisfaction of all. 



In the sea-coast exploring work of the Fish Commission, the department of fishes 

 was, during the first two or three years, under the immediate supervision of the Com- 

 missioner, with the assistance of Professor Theodore Gill and Mr. G. Brown Goode. 

 Since then Mr. Goode has taken direct charge of this department, with the co-opera- 

 tion of Dr. Tarleton H. Bean, and the assistance of many others. Mr. J. W. Milner, 

 Assistant Fish Commissioner from 1871 to 1877, took charge of the fresh- water fishery 

 investigations up to the time of his death, the latter year. Professor A. E. Verrill, of 

 Yale College, has had charge of the dredging operations, and the section of marine 

 invertebrates, and has been assisted for variable periods by many naturalists aud 

 students of zoology, who have studied special groups of animals, or aided in the gen- 

 eral work of collecting, assorting, and identifying materials. Among the associates 

 and assistants who have taken a more or less prominent part in this line of research 

 may be mentioned Professor S. I. Smith, Mr. Oscar Harger, and Mr. J. H. Emerton, of 

 Yale College; Professor A. S. Packard, jr., of Brown University; Professor Joseph 

 Leidy, of Philadelphia; Professor Alpheus Hyatt, of Boston; Mr. Sanderson Smith, 

 of New York ; the late Dr. P. P. Carpenter, of Montreal ; Dr. E. B. Wilson, of Jolms 

 Hopkins University'; Professor S. F. Clarke, of William's College; Professor H- E. 

 Webster, of Union College ; Professor W. N. Rice, of Wesleyan University ; Professor 

 J. E. Todd, of Tabor College ; Drs. J. H. Kidder and T. H. Streets, United States Navy; 

 Mr. William H. Dall aud Mr. R. Rathbun, of Washington; Mr. Caleb Cook, of Salem; 

 Professor L. A. Lee, of Bowdoin College ; and Messrs. B. F, Koons, H. L. Bruner, 

 and Edwin Linton. The marine algae have been intrusted to Professor William G. 

 Farlow, of Harvard College, and Professor D. C. Eaton, of Yale College. The dredging 

 operations have been superintended by Captain H. C. Chester, whose skillful manage- 

 ment of the different appliances of research have rendered his services of the greatest 

 value to the exploring work. Mr. Vinal N. Edwards, an experienced collector, has 

 been retained permanently at Wood's Holl, Massachusetts, since 1871, for the purpose 

 of making observations and collections outside of the regular summer season. His 

 contributions toward a knowledge of the fauna of that region have been very exten- 

 sive. 



In conducting the summer explorations, it has generally been customary to select a 

 different place each season as a central station, from which collecting goes on in 

 all directions. The object of these annual changes has been to cover every portion 

 of the coast, all of which is of great zoological and practical interest. A suitable 

 laboratory is fitted up with the requisite number of tables to accommodate the special- 

 ists and assistants, and with aquaria, storage shelves, and other conveniences, and all 

 of the specimens collected are brought there for study and preservation. In addition 

 to the regular systematic, anatomical and embryological studies of the different species 

 of animals, careful preparations are made for museum display, and large quantities 

 of duplicates of all the species obtained in abundance are saved for distribution to 

 institutions of learning throughout the country, and for use in making exchanges. 



The entire New England coast has already been quite fully explored, from the shore 

 down to considerable depths of water. Every possible method of obtaining speci- 

 mens and information has been resorted to. Shore collecting, by means of the seine, 

 spade, dip-net, and other simple contrivances has been especially thorough. Beyond 

 slight depths all of the various kinds of dredging appliances have been used, and 

 many new forms of apparatus have been devised for special purposes. The fish 

 pounds, weirs, &c.,have been constantly visited, and the fish markets have been 

 closely watched for any new treasures they may reveal. The services of the fisher- 



