[13] 



FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 525 



tions were also taken by Professor Smith, as well as by tbe survey in the course of its 

 regular work. 



Collections of fresh-water mollusks from New Mexico and Arizona, in 1876, by Lieu- 

 tenant W. L. Carpenter. Explorations of Captain Charles Bendire, while stationed 

 in several of the "Western States and Territories, and especially in California, Arizona, 

 Oregon, and Washington Territory, mainly with reference to the fresh-water fishes 

 (Salmonidce) and cray-fishes. 



Exploration of the Mississippi Delta, in 1882 and 1883, by Dr. E. W. Shufeldt, United 

 States Army. 



Interior Department. — Explorations for a wagon road to California, by way of the 

 South Pass, in 1857-'58, Dr. James G. Cooper, naturalist. United States and Mexican 

 Boundary Survey, from 1851-'55, under Colonel J. D. Graham and Major W. H. Emory, 

 United States Army. The collections of zoology were extensive and covered the region 

 of the Eio Grande River, from Eagle Pass to its mouth. 



Hayden's Geological Survey. The most extensive series of scientific explorations 

 under the Interior Department and General Land Office have been those of the so- 

 called Hayden's Surveys of the Western Territories, which, although organized mainly 

 for geological investigations, have accomplished much in the way of making known 

 the aquatic fauna of the extensive region included within its scope, being almost the 

 entire western half of the United States, with its many large river systems and lakes, 

 These surveys were begun in 1867, and continued until the reorganization of the sys- 

 tem of geological surveys in 1879. Several naturalists were attached to the field parties 

 every year, many of them being volunteers who took these opportunities to make col- 

 lections in their special lines of research. Many valuable contributions have been 

 published from time to time on the collections of aquatic animals obtained. Among 

 the prominent naturalists interested in aquatic forms, who participated in these sur- 

 veys, have been Dr. Elliott Coues, Professor E. D. Cope, Dr. Joseph Leidy, Professor 

 A. S. Packard, jr., and Mr. Ernest Ingersoll. 



State Department. — Survey of the northwestern boundary line, under Archibald 

 Campbell, Commissioner, from 1857 to 1861, Dr. C. B. R Kennerly surgeon and nat- 

 uralist. Large collections were made in Puget Sound and at the mouth of Fraser 

 River. The same survey was continued farther east during 1873-74, with Dr. Elliott 

 Coues, United States Army, as naturalist. 



Treasury Department. — To Captain C. M. Scammon, of the Revenue Marine, stationed 

 on the west coast of North America, we are indebted for a valuable series of observa- 

 tions on the whales and other cetaceans of the North Pacific Ocean, extending through 

 several years. His contributions to the National Museum have been very extensive, 

 and include the skeletons and skulls of numerous species of cetaceans. 



During the spring of 1883, arrangements were made with the Life-Saving Service 

 of this Department, whereby the stranding of any large animal of unusual appearance 

 in the neighborhood of any of the life-saving stations is telegraphed at once to the 

 United States Fish Commissioner. Through this means several important discoveries 

 of large marine fishes and cetaceans have already been made, and the specimens sent 

 to Washington in suitable condition for study and preservation. Similar information 

 and specimens have also been received from light-house keepers on the Atlantic coast- 

 Smithsonian Institution. — The following natural history explorations of a more pri- 

 vate nature were conducted, wholly or in part, under the auspices of this institution. 

 Fishery investigations of Professor S. F. Baird. During the earlier period of his 

 connection with the Smithsonian Institution, and for several years previously, Pro- 

 fessor Baird spent the summer months mainly in exploring the fresh waters of the 

 Northeastern United States, and in making large collections of fishes and reptiles. 

 The area covered by his researches included the Eastern and Middle States, Virginia, 

 Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, the Great Lakes, the Saint Law- 

 rence River, and the Ohio River. The summers of 1854 and 1855 were devoted to a 

 study of the fishes of the New Jersey coast, in the vicinity of Beesley's Point. In all 



