540 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES. [28] 



same remarks made regarding the Boston Society of Natural History would apply, and 

 its museum possesses many valuable types of aquatic animals. Many of its earlier 

 members, one or two being still living, were pioneers in aquatic research in this coun- 

 try, and their woi'ks are now classical. Among these were Eafinesque, during the first 

 part of the century; Thomas Say, the marine zoologist, about 1817-22 ; C. A. Lesnenr 

 about 1816- '21 ; T. Conrad, the conchologist, from 1837-'68; Isaac Lea, tbe chief au- 

 thority on North American Uniondice, and Dr. Joseph Leidy, who has collected and 

 published extensively on marine invertebrates and Ehizopods. 



The Elliott Society of Charleston, South Carolina, has counted among its active mem- 

 bers Dr. L. Ravenel and Professor Lewis R. Gibbes, both of whom have made many 

 contributions on marine zoology. 



The Chicago Academy of Science, prior to the disastrous fire of 1871, by which it was 

 seriously crippled, and lost its entire collections, had taken a prominent stand in ma- 

 rine and fresh- water reseai'ches, mainly through the active explorations of Dr. William 

 Stimpson, whose exploits are described in other connections. Several winters were 

 spent on the Florida Reefs by Dr. Stimpson, about 1870, in the sole interest of the so- 

 ciety, and the same naturalist also explored Lake Michigan. More recently Dr. Velie 

 has given much attention to the collecting of Florida fishes under the auspices of the 

 society. 



California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. — Conchological researches and collec- 

 tions of Professor R. E. C. Stearns, and miscellaneous marine collections by William 

 Gabb, W. N. Lockington, and W. G. W. Harford. 



Private Collectors. — Among independent private collectors of note have been Colonel 

 E. Jewett, who explored the coasts of Florida, Panama, California, etc. ; Mr. James 

 Lewis, fresh- water conchologist ; and Mr. J. H. Linsley and Mr. J. H. Trumbull, who 

 collected and published on the shells of Long Island Sound, about 1845. 



COLLEGES. 



Among the many colleges which have carried on aquatic explorations to a greater 

 or less extent may be mentioned the following : 



Boivdoin College, Maine. — Explorations in marine zoology on the western coast of 

 Maine. 



Williams College, Massachusetts. — Expedition to Labrador and Greenland in I860, 

 and to Florida, and expedition of Professor James Orton to the Amazonas and west 

 coast of South America, in 1837. 



Amherst College, Massachusetts. — Conchological researches of Professor C. B. Adams 

 in Jamaica, other West India Islands, and Panama, and in the vicinity of New Bed- 

 ford, Mass. 



Brown University, Rhode Island. — Collections of Mr. J. W. P. Jenks; explorations of 

 Professor A. S. Packard, jr., in connection with Government expeditions. 



Yale College, Connecticut. — The early researches of Professor James D. Dana prior to 

 1838, and from 1838 to 1842, as naturalist on the Wilkes United States explori rig- 

 expedition. Since completing his classical reports on the Crustacea and zoophytes 

 obtained by this expedition, about 1858, Professor Dana has devoted himself entirely 

 to geological studies. During the summers of 1864, 1868, and 1870, Professors A. E. 

 Verrill and S. I. Smith collected for the college at Eastport, Maine, both on the shore 

 and by dredging. Several students of the college participated in these explorations, 

 which resulted in rich accessions to the college museum. Zoological investigations 

 have been carried on continuously in Long Island Sound, about New Haven. One of 

 the most important of these was by Mr. Geo. H. Perkins, who collected and published 

 on the shells of this vicinity. Since 1870, Professors Verrill and Smith and Mr. Oscar 

 Harger have been connected with the exploring work of the United States Fish Com- 

 mission, the first named being in immediate charge of the dredging operations. Im- 

 portant explorations were carried on for the college by Mr. F. H. Bradley, on the west 

 coast of Central and South America, from 1866 to 1867, and by Mr. James Peterson in 

 the vicinity of La Paz, Lower California, from 1868 to 1870. The collections made 



