958 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES. [134] 



Buoy-line — Continued. 



54,410. Used for buoy-lines on halibut trawls, for warps to 

 lobster traps, and for boat-anchor warps. 



Lobster-twine. 



Manila lobster-twine. One ball, 4f pounds. Value, 1882, 24 cents 

 per pound. 54,399. U. S. Fish Commission. For lobster 

 trap-heads; for halibut trawl-beckets to fasten gangings to 

 ground Jine ; for seizings, etc. 



ROOT AND BARK LINES. 



Tow-line. 



Small tow-line. Makah name " Les-tope." Made of fibers of spruce 

 roots ; used by natives for towing the whale ashore. Makah 

 Indians, Cape Flattery, Washington Territory, 1883. 72,633. 

 James G. Swan. 



Tow-line. 



Small size; Indian name "Les-tope." Made of spruce roots (Abies 

 Douglasii). The process of manufacture consists in (1) roast- 

 ing the material in hot ashes; (2) splitting with knives into 

 fine fibers, and (3) twisting the fibers into a rope. Durable 

 and strong. Makah Indians, Cape Flattery, Washington Ter- 

 ritory, 3883. 72,631. James G. Swan. Used by natives in 

 towing whales ashore. 



Tow-line. 



New, large size. Made of fibers of spruce roots (Abies Douglasii). 

 The long slender roots are first roasted in the ashes, then split 

 into fine strands with knives, twisted, and laid up into ropes 

 by hand. These ropes are beautifully made, exceedingly strong 

 and buoyant. The Indians not only understand the art of rope- 

 making by hand as well as the whites, but they can also " knot *' 

 and " graft " a rope as well as white sailors. Makah Indians, 

 Cape Flattery, Washington Territory, 1883. 72,632. James 

 G. Swan. Used by natives for towing whales ashore. 



Bark. 



Inner bark of white cypress (Cupressus nukatensis) 1 from which the 

 twine used in whaling, as well as soft beds for infants, is manu- 

 factured. Small package ; length, 5 inches. Makah Indians, 

 Cape Flattery, Washington Territory, 1883. 72,641. James G. 

 Swan. When a harpoon with one buoy attached has been 

 darted into a whale, another buoy is immediately attached to the 

 lanyard of the first, the operation being repeated until a suffi- 

 cient number of buoys have been bent on. It is often necessary 

 to detach some of the buoys to make them fast to others. The 



