1172 FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES. [1^] 



The hatchery on the McCloud River in California was established in 

 1872, under the superintendence of Mr. Livingston Stone, who has se- 

 cured large quantities of eggs of the California salmon annually. The 

 eggs have been taken from the wild salmon, which have been prevented 

 from ascending to their natural spawning grounds by a dam which he 

 has caused to be thrown across the river just above the hatchery. Eggs 

 of the rainbow-trout also have been secured in considerable numbers. 



Owing to the lateness of the appropriation, little was done at the 

 liatchery last year, only 4,000,000 salmon and 337,500 trout eggs being 

 secured. Most of these were hatched and planted in the waters of the 

 Sacramento River. Mr. Stone gives the following comprehensive state- 

 ment of the work accomplished since the establishment of the hatchery. 



In the eleven years since the salmon-breeding station has been in 

 operation, 67,000,000 eggs have been taken, most of which have been dis- 

 tributed in the various States of the Union. Several millions, however, 

 have been sent to foreign countries, including Germany, France, Great 

 Britain, Denmark, Russia, Belgium, Holland, Canada, New Zealand, 

 Australia, and the Sandwich Islands. About 15,000,000 have been 

 hatched at the station, and the young fish placed in the McCloud and 

 other tributaries of the Sacramento River. So great have been the 

 benefits of this restocking of the Sacramento that the statistics of the 

 salmon fisheries on the Sacramento show that the annual salmon catch 

 of the river has increased 5,000,000 pounds during the last few years. 



The shad stations at Washington, D. 0., and Havre de Grace, Md., 

 Siave been recently enlarged, and are now capable of holding immense 

 numbers of eggs. At one of the Washington stations alone nearly 

 50,000,000 of eggs were received. An estimate of those for the other 

 stations gives a total of over 70,000,000 eggs- of this species. 



The work of the Commission has been by no means confined to the re- 

 plenishing of depleted waters, but an effort has been made to introduce 

 desirable species into localities where they had not previously existed; 

 American fishes have been sent abroad, and foreign fishes have been 

 introduced into American waters. The experiments in acclimatization, 

 as would naturally be expected, have not always been successful, but 

 in some cases they have been remarkably so. The shad has been intro- 

 duced into the tributaries of the Gulf of Mexico and of the Pacific coast, 

 and large shad are now not uncommon in the California markets. 

 Glowing accounts are given of the introduction of the California sal- 

 mon into Australian waters, and the Atlantic salmon and California 

 trout are reported to be thriving well in the waters of Continental Eu- 

 rope, especially in those of Germany and the Netherlands. The last- 

 named species has been introduced into small streams and ponds east 

 of the Mississippi, and seems destined to become one of the important 

 fishes of this region. Attempts have also been made to introduce the 

 Lake whitefish into numerous inland waters, but sufficient time has not 



