Modes of training Wall Trees. 267 



giving air every fine day, and supplying no more fire heat during 

 winter than is barely sufficient to keep out the frost. If the 

 house is in the neighbourhood of much coal smoke, the laps 

 between the panes should be puttied, and the putty should be 

 such as will not crack ; which is effected by putting 1 lb. of 

 white lead into every 10 lbs. of putty previously to using it, and 

 using, instead of common linseed oil, which dries and shrinks, 

 sweet or train oil, which dries slowly, and causes the putty to 

 take a firmer hold of the glass. 



When the rafters of a house are 25 or SO ft. long, there will 

 require to be three tiers of sashes; and these, if put in accord- 

 ing to the usual plan, would require the rafter to be very deep 

 in its upper part. To prevent this, cut the fillets which support 

 the sashes, not in the form of parallelograms, as is usually done ; 

 but in the form of right-angled triangles, of the full breadth of 

 the fillet at one end, but diminishing to a quarter of an inch at 

 the other. The wires on which the vines are trained ought to 

 be 7 in. or 7^ in. from the glass. 



In planting the vines, first open a hole, then set a pot con- 

 taining a plant in it ; next break the pot with a hammer, but 

 take care not to break the ball of earth ; then take the outside 

 fibres and roots, that appear on the surface of the ball of earth, 

 and spread them out, covering the whole with soil, and after- 

 wards watering and shading. 



When fruit is swelling and ripening, care ought to be taken 

 to admit abundance of air, for nothing is more injurious to grapes 

 than damp, especially if the berries are close on the bunch. The 

 damp first seizes the footstalk of the berries ; they will then 

 shrivel, or turn red, and, when tasted, will be found sour. In 

 damp weather, the best mode of expelling the damp is to have 

 a good fire in the daytime, and to give abundance of air ; by 

 which means the moisture evaporated is carried off into the 

 exterior atmosphere. S. A. M. 



Hampstead, November, 1833. 



Art. VII. Notice of some Modes of training Wall Trees, practised 

 in the Gardens of Hopetoun House. By Mr. James Smith, Gar- 

 dener there. 



From the extent of walls in this 

 place, the various trees are trained 

 in different shapes. Of the finer 

 apples and best late pears, some 

 are trained horizontally, and others 

 in the half fan form ; and, as you 

 seem not to have noticed the last- 

 T 4 



