496 On raising Plantations near the Sea. 



were exposed to the south-west and north-west winds. The same 

 effects are also to be seen in plantations that have been raised 

 without being nursed either by the pinaster, or by some other 

 sort of tree that will bear the winds on the coast without injury ; 

 and the sectional sketch (j%. 88.) will pretty nearly give an idea 

 of the appearance of a wood of full-grown trees thus planted and 

 exposed. The inference natui'ally arising from these effects is, 

 that the trees nearest the outside, not having had any protection, 

 have become stunted, through not being able to withstand the 

 winds which are almost incessantly blowing from off the coast. 

 Now, to remedy this evil the pinaster or cluster pine is well 

 adapted, many proofs of which have come under my notice, in 

 the counties of Devon and Cornwall. 



To raise a deep plantation of forest trees on the coast in the 

 above counties, in fully exposed situations, I would recommend 

 that the whole of the ground intended for the plantation be 

 ploughed (as, indeed, it should be for every plantation, in whatever 

 situation) to the depth of at least 9 in. ; that the whole be planted 

 with pinasters at about 5 ft. apart; and that these be allowed to 

 have not less than three years' growth before the forest trees are 

 introduced, so that they may be capable of affording the latter 

 immediate protection. This I have observed to be of the utmost 

 importance ; as, if the forest trees are planted at the same time 

 with the pinasters, many of the former will become stunted, and 

 will remain so until the pinasters afford them the necessary pro- 

 tection; sustaining, by this means, an injury, from which they will 

 never properly recover, and to hide the effects of which a partial 

 replanting must be made. If ploughing the ground be dispensed 

 with, on account of the expense, or for any other reason, let 

 holes be made of 1 5 in. diameter at the above distances, two or 

 three months before the pinasters ai'e to be planted ; the earth 

 from these holes should be laid up in hillocks to be pulverised, 

 and the turf be laid on one side. On proceeding to plant, let 

 the turf, if any, be chopped small, and put into the bottom of the 

 holes ; as this, during its decomposition, will considerably assist 

 the growth of the young plants. If the ground is naturally in- 



