Trees and Shrubs of Scandinavia. 59 



evergreen trees as are purchasable in the nurseries of 10 ft. or 

 12 ft. high, will produce an immediate effect. 



As the lowering of the ground, in order to reduce the slope of 

 the road, will require the removal of from 1500 to 2000 cubic 

 yards of earth, that earth may be employed in increasing the 

 undulations of the surface, by laying it on the highest parts of 

 these undulations \ and in softening down certain inequalities in 

 them, which are at present too abrupt and unpolished for the 

 scenery of a lawn. 



The greatest care, however, must be taken not to heap up this 

 earth round the roots of trees already existing ; because this 

 would not only injure the growth of these trees, but would de- 

 prive them of that appearance of stability and age, which is pro- 

 duced by the spreading base formed by the trunk at its junction 

 with the roots and the ground. In all cases of planting single 

 trees or shrubs, or small groups of these, the advantage, in point 

 both of eiFect and culture, of this appearance of the base ought 

 never to be lost sight of; and hence it is that all young trees, 

 whether the soil is prepared or not, ought to be planted some- 

 what above the general line of surface. Old trees, also, in which 

 this appearance of base is wanting or undecided, should have 

 the earth removed from them to the depth of a few inches all 

 round the root, so as to show its connexion with the trunk. An 

 appearance of truth and nature, and, at the same time, of age, 

 may thus be given with very little trouble. 



AH the above remarks have reference to the approach road, 

 and the ground on each side of it, between the entrance front of 

 the mansion and the entrance lodge. The improvements re- 

 quired in the pleasure-ground, and on the lower front of the 

 house, which are numerous and important, owing to the dis- 

 cordance of the parts connected with that front, have not here 

 been taken into consideration. — J". C. L. 



BaTjswater, Nov. 30. 1835. 



Art. II. Oii the Geography of the Trees and Shrubs of the Scandi- 

 navian Peninsida. By Professor Schouw of Copenhagen. Com- 

 municated by M. Jens Peter Petersen, Gardener to the King 

 of Denmark. 



The Scandinavian peninsula extends from 55i° to 71° north latitude, and 

 consequently presents great diversities of climate, particularly in the interior j 

 the climate of which is distinctly separated from that of the coast by the lofty 

 range of mountains which intersects the peninsula. This portion of Europe is, 

 consequently, particularly well calculated to afford a view of the northern 

 boundaries of the principal vegetable productions, both wild and cultivated, 

 and thus to illustrate the peculiarities of climate required by each. 



There are no trees to be found on the shores of the Icy Sea : low bushes 



F 4 



