qffhe Scandinavian Peninsula. 



61 



1900 ft. on the west. The most northern islands, on the west coast of 

 Norway, are destitute of wood. The declension of the tree boundary, from 

 north to south, amounts to 2000 ft. ; being 1600 at 70°, and 3600 at 60°. The 

 fir extends, at lat. 70°, to 750 ft. ; in the south of Norway, to 3000 ft. 



The boundaries of the cultivated plants are always more indeterminate than 

 those of the plants that grow wild ; and it must be I'emembered that these 

 boundaries may sometimes show how far northward the plants are cultivated, 

 and not to what extent the climate allows of their cultivation. These bound- 

 aries, therefore, may be often extended by industry and new experiments. 

 The cultivation of corn reaches much farther northward than we might be 

 inclined to suppose. At Malangerfiord (lat. 69°) corn succeeds every year ; 

 and even at Lyngen, and at Alten (70°), and on the east side of the moun- 

 tain range, in the so-called companquy districts (69-70°) corn is still cul- 

 tivated. At Enontekis (69°, and 1430 ft. above the level of the sea) corn is 

 still to be seen in small quantity, though it cannot be expected to ripen 

 oftener than every third year. Barley is, however, the only species of grain 

 that is found so far to the north. Rye ceases at 67" on the west side, and at 

 65° on the east. The extreme boundary of wheat is 64° in the west of Nor- 

 way, and 62° in the east of Sweden ; but the general cultivation of it does not 

 reach higher than 60°. With respect to altitude above the sea, the cultivation 

 of corn ceases, in the south of Lapland (67°), at 850 ft. ; in the south of Nor- 

 way (60-61°), on the other hand, at 2100 ft. 



In the west of Norway, the most northern apple and plum ti'ees are found 

 at Tuteroen, near Trondhiem (63|°) j and the most northern cherry trees at 

 Ertvaagoe (63°). The pear tree extends no farther than 62°. On the east 

 side of the Scandinavian mountains, the most northern apple trees are at 

 Sundsval 62i°, and the northern boundary of the three other fruit trees 

 mentioned is also about 62-63°. 



Potatoes, cabbage, turnips, carrots, spinach, and salad succeed at Saltdal 

 (67°) ; nay, even at Kamerssest (70-71°) ; though they are but rarely met with 

 north of 64-65°. The cultivation of peas ceases at 64^° on the west side, at 

 63° on the east ; and asparagus, in the open ground, is not met with more 

 northward than 61-62°. Hemp still continues to be cultivated on the west 

 side, at 67°, though sparingly ; but, on the east side, till QQ°. Flax ceases at 

 64-65°. 



The annexed table of the relative temperature of the Scandinavian penin- 

 sula will give an idea of the climates required by the different plants above 

 mentioned : — 



Indigenous Trees. 





West 



East 





West 



East 





side. 



side. 





side. 



side. 



Drargbirk, BiinXa. n^na - 



71° 



71° 



Eeg, £2u^rcus ^bbur 



63" 



604° 



Birk, ^etula alba 



71 



71 



Elm, I/'lmus camp^stris - 



63 



fM\ 



Esp, P6pulus trfemula 



70i 



7()i 



Ahorn, ,^'cerplatanoides - 



63 



63 



Ron, S6rbus aucup^ria I 



7()A 



70* 



Tax, Taxus baccata] 



63 



601 



Graal El, ^'Inus incana - 



70l 



70i 



El, ^'Inus glutinbsa ... 



63 



6S 



Fyr, /"inus sylvestris - - - 



70 



70 



Ask, Fraxinus excelsior . 



63 



62 



Enebsr, Juniperus communis - 



70 



70 



Hvidtorn, Cratje^gus Oxyacantha 



624 



6ft 



HjegebJEr, Cerasus P^idus - 



70 



70 



Slaeentorn, Prunus spinSsa 



60 



60 



Gran, ^^bies exc^lsa 



67 



68-69 



Bog, Pagus sylvatica 



69 



5S 



Hassel, Cijrylus yivellJina - 



66 



63 



Avnbdg, Carpinus SiJtulus - - 



57 



57 



Lind, Tilia europEe^a 



64 



S3 



Naur, '^'cer camp^stre - 



56 



5S 



Cultivated Plants. 





West 



Eas 





West 



East 





side. 



side. 





side. 



side. 



Byg, Barley 



70° 



69° 



Karstopler, Potato 



70° 



70° 



Rug, Rye 



67 



65 



Kaal, Cabbage 



70 



70 



Havre, Oats - - - 



65 



631 



Roer, Turnip ... 



70 



70 



Hvede, Wheat 



64. 



62 



Guler6dder, Carrot - 



70 



70 



Abletrsee, White Poplar - 



63J 



62i 



Arter, Peas . - . 



64| 



63 



BlommetrEee, Apple tree - 



'ooi 



62-63 



Asparges, Asparagus - 



61-62 



61-62 



KirsebEErtroac, Cherry tree 



63 



62-63 



Hainp, Hemp . . «. 



67 



66 



Pffiretrae, Pear tree - 



62 



62-63 



Hor, Flax 



64-65 



'53-64 



