Arboricultural Flora of Sweden. 65 



size of a large tree, one third of a foot in diameter, in the botanic 

 garden at Lund, till accidentally (and not, as it seemed, by the 

 severity of the winter) it died off. But very few evergreens en- 

 dure our winters ; not even the Aiicuha japonica, or the Portugal, 

 or the common laurel ; and the holly with great difficulty. The 

 few exotic evergreens that we do possess are, i^uxus sempervirens 

 and var., Cratse^gus Pyracantha, Finca sp., and the Coniferae. 

 Many of the Swedish noblemen have contributed much to the 

 spread of foreign trees throughout Scandinavia, by planting them 

 on their estates ; as, for example. His Excellency Count Trolle 

 Wachtmeister, His Excellency the Count de laGardie, Baron Gyl- 

 lenkrook, and several more in Scania ; also, the late M. Thouse 

 in West Gotha, His Excellency Count Trolle Bronde in Upland, 

 M. Wares in Warmeland, &c. The Morus dlba thrives well, 

 even as far as Up sal ; and, under the protection of our adored 

 Crown Princess Josephine, there is a large plantation of it at 

 Stockholm, for the purpose of breeding and feeding silk-worms ; 

 and the silk obtained from them is not only abundant in quantity, 

 but the quality of it is excellent. 



At Stockholm there are several patrons of arboriculture, as re- 

 gards the cultivation of foreign trees. Some of the most distin- 

 guished are, the Counsellor de Pontin, M. Siefwerstrale, and M. 

 Rofenblad ; the latter, of whom has the richest collection of plants 

 that can be found in any private garden in Scandinavia. 



Of the botanic garden at Upsal I have only a superficial know- 

 ledge ; but, judging from a slight inspection, it appears to contain 

 as rich a collection of foreign trees and shrubs as the climate will 

 endure; and to be worthy of having had such renowned directors 

 as Linnaeus, Thunberg, and Wahlenberg. 



There are two public plantations of foreign trees at Stockholm; 

 viz. that of the Forest Institute, directed by M. Strom, and that 

 of the Agricultural Academy ; both of which possess a great 

 number of foreign trees, of which I am not yet able to give you 

 a catalogue. As to the height of the trees, I can find no differ- 

 ence between those in Scandinavia and those in Germany, or in 

 any other country north of the European alps. The beeches and 

 oaks are as well grown trees with us as they are in Germany. 

 The sweet chestnut tree and the Robinm Pseiid-^cacia are some- 

 what smaller, as they have hitherto never attained a greater height 

 here than 50 ft. ; but others, as the ^'sculus, the foreign tilias, 

 Populus, the foreign pines, Jiiglans, &c., may be compared 

 with those of Germany. The Platanus occidentalis attains a 

 height of 30 ft. The Platanus orientalis does not stand in the 

 free ground in our garden. The tulip tree is perfectly hardy. 

 We have not yet tried the cedar of Lebanon in the open air ; 

 but we hope to be able to do this at some future time. 



Lund, Sept. 25. 1835. 



