of Fruit Trees in Kitchen-Gardens. 127 



These observations apply most especially to apples ; but they will, 

 apply, in some degree, to almost every other kind of fruit tree, 

 if treated in the way here described. Having thus glanced at a 

 few of the evils resulting from the mismanagement of the roots 

 of fruit trees, I may proceed with what I have to suggest in the 

 room of such treatment. I will suppose, in the first place, a new 

 garden, and that the borders are all fitted for the reception of 

 fruit trees, either by nature (which is rarely the case) or by art. 

 Such being the case, I should dispose of my trained trees against 

 the walls much after the usual manner, as to distance, aspect, &c. ; 

 but, instead of cropping the whole of the border with vegetables, 

 I should plant a line of dwarf fruit trees of various kinds, accord- 

 ing to the situation, along the margin of the wall border next the 

 walk, to be trained on table trellises : as, for instance, along the 

 margins of the south borders, I should plant the new Flemish 

 pears; along the east and west, favourite dessert apples or plums, 

 of a tender or late character ; and, along the north or other cold 

 aspect, a line of bush fruit. It is probable that green gage, Wash- 

 ington, Coe's golden drop, imperatrice, and other dessert plums, 

 together with some cherries, would succeed well in some of the 

 aspects, with a particular kind of management ; but on this head 

 I am not prepared to speak fully. For the southern margins, I 

 recommend, as I before said, the best Flemish pears ; of these 

 the country has a very extensive collection of the very first-rate 

 quality. These pears are a most valuable acquisition to the dessert, 

 and rank next to the pine and the grape, both as to flavour and 

 keeping properties ; and nothing is wanted to insure a most ex- 

 tensive cultivation of them, but some method to guarantee their 

 free and certain bearing, and perfect ripening, without the aid 

 of walls : not but some of them will always find a place on a good 

 aspect, such as a beurre d'Aremberg, beurre d'hiver, the best 

 chaumontelle, and many others I could name ; but there are so 

 many kinds possessing very high merit, that it is impossible 

 places could be found for even a select lot, unless in a few of the 

 most extensive kitchen-gardens in the country. On the kind of 

 trellis I am about to describe, and with a proper system of both 

 root and top management, I am convinced that five out of six 

 of the kinds now in cultivation may be fruited in very great per- 

 fection. We will suppose, in the first place, that the walls are 

 of the usual height, viz: from 9 ft. to 12 ft., and that the borders 

 are about 1 ft. or 1 1 ft. wide : in such a case the trellises should 

 be from 4 ft. to 5 ft. wide, to admit of a man reaching to dress 

 and prune them. The trellises should be about 9 in. from the 

 ground, or, in fact, as near as a bunch of pears would hang 

 without touching the stones, which will be placed under them to 

 increase heat. The bars of the trellis must be 1 ft. apart, and, 

 in whatever situation they are placed, must run north and south 



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