146 Boi/les Illustrations of the Natural History 



appear to have their favourite resort. The genera of which species are found 

 in the Himalayas are, Jmj'gdalus, Persica, Jrmeniaca, Prunus, C^rasus, iS'pi- 

 rae^a, NeilUa, Geum, Sieversi«, Piibus, Dalibarda, Fragaria, Potentilla, Sib- 

 baldi«, Agrimonia, Sanguisorba, Posa, Cratge^gus, Cotoneaster, Cydonia; and 

 of PjruSj species of the sections Pyrophorum, Msl\\xs, and Morbus. Of these, 

 Neilh'« is alone peculiar to these mountains. Sieversi« is interesting, as found 

 on the Alps, in Kamtschatka, in Melville Island, and in the Himalayas, on 

 such lofty mountains as Choor, Kedarkanta, and Gossainthan j and Dalibardor, 

 in these mountains, in North America, and the Straits of Magalhaens. 

 Though the Posaceae are chiefly confined to the northern hemisphere, yet the 

 southern is not without them, as a Geum is found in the last-mentioned 

 straits ; a Fragaria and Piibus in the Andes and Peru ; a Cratse^gus and Po- 

 tentilla in Chili j and, though not to the south of the line, a Geum, Pubrs. 

 and Jmygdalus, in Mexico ; and a Cerasus in the West Indies ; appearing to 

 indicate that, where any similarity of climate exists, representatives of genera 

 and families may be found, of which the greater numbers exist in very distant 

 regions. 



" With respect to species which, independent of those yielding the well- 

 known fruits, are common to these mountains and other parts of the world, 

 Pyrus baccata may be mentioned, which, common in Siberia, was procured by 

 Dr. Wallich from Kemaon, and found by myself on Kedarkanta. Of th3 

 spiraeas, one is near, if not identical with, S. callosa of Thunb.; S. chamasdri- 

 folia Linn., and S. kamtschatica Pall., allied to S. Ulmaria, found in Siberia, 

 are also so in these mountains. *S'. triternata approaches S. Aruncus ; and S. 

 Lindleya?2a is like S. sorbifolia. Agrimonia nepalensis resembles A. PJupa- 

 torium. The potentillas are thirty-one in number : of these, twenty-one are 

 in Dr. Wallich' s, and twenty-three in the author's collection : of the latter, 

 six are new, and three are Siberian species. Many are highly ornamental, as 

 may be seen by those already introduced, as well as by those figured in the 

 present work, which would succeed equally well in England. P. cathaclines, 

 multifida, and bifurca are the three Siberian species found in Kunawur. Sib- 

 baldza procumbens is common to Europe, Siberia, America, and the Hima- 

 layas. 



" Nothing can be more ornamental than the double white rose of Northern 

 India and the Deyra Doon, P. Lyellra, kooza of the natives; nor than P. Bru- 

 noni*, allied to P. moschata Linn., common in the' valleys, or the banks of 

 streams within the mountains, ascending to the tops of lofty trees, especially 

 alders, and hanging down in elegant racemes. On more lofty and drier situ- 

 ations, as the passes of Kunawur, P. 'Wehhimia, allied to the Scotch rose, is 

 common. P. macrophylla is the most common species on the southern face 

 of the mountains ; but on Choor, Urrukta, and such situations, P. sericea 

 Lindl. is remarkable in always having four (as P. TormentfUa among the po- 

 tentillas) instead of five, the usual number of petals. In the plains, though 

 so extensively cultivated, no species of rose appears to be indigenous. P. 

 damascena (goolab and sud-burg of the natives, wurd of the Arabs) is that most 

 highly esteemed, and cultivated in Northern India for making rose-water and 

 the alter of roses. The latter is, however, only extensively distilled at Ghazi- 

 pore, probably from this species, as it is in Persia ; though it is difficult to 

 ascertain whether the same species be cultivated for these purposes in Cash- 

 mere. Some of the species of Pubus, as in Europe, ripen their fruit early in 

 the season, and others towards autumn. P. fruticosus is found in Cashmere. 

 P. rotundifolius {zurd-anchoo of the Hill people) affords a grateful fruit in 

 April and May ; but P. lasiocarpus (kul-anchoo) not until the rains. P. con- 

 color comes the nearest to the raspberry, and is not found except on lofty 

 mountains, as Dhunoultee, Choor, and Kedarkanta. In addition to these, a 

 species of strawberry, Fragaria nublcola Wall., very closely allied to F. col- 

 lina, aiFords a grateful fruit in May, on such places as Phagoo, Mhasoo, 

 Bhoke, &c. 



" With exception of the ^mygdaleee, which secrete hydrocyanic acid, none 



