and of Rural l7np7^o'vement generally, during 1836. 617 



We regret to observe that, owing to the imperfection of the 

 present laws relating to patents, Mr. Reid's invention (the most 

 important, we think, that he has yet made for gardening) has been 

 pirated by two individuals. A double action garden pump, in- 

 vented by Mr. Greene of Sheffield, has been exhibited at some 

 of the provincial shows ; but we have not had an opportunity of 

 seeing it. A pruning-knife for vines, and a botanist's spud, with 

 some other articles belonging to this department of gardening, 

 will be found figured or described under their appropriate heads. 



Landscape-Gar denmg. — We are not aware of any remarkable 

 improvement that has been made in this branch of the art, as 

 such ; but we think we may refer to several papers in the present 

 Volume, to show that a knowledge of it is making considerable 

 progress among practical gardeners. Nothing contributes more 

 to the improvement of any young man in landscape-gardening, 

 than visiting country seats and gardens, endeavouring to ascer- 

 tain the causes of their beauties and defects, and committing 

 his criticisms and remarks on what he has seen to paper. One 

 advantage of writing down our opinions, accompanied by our 

 reasons for having formed them, in this as in every other case, 

 is, that the doing so obliges us to examine our opinions with 

 more care ; and thus to test their justness and propriety. By 

 this means a habit is attained of thinking correctly, as well as 

 of writing correctly ; and these will ultimately lead to habits of 

 order in every thing. 



In Garden Architecture, some very useful designs appear in the 

 present Volume, accompanied by highly instructive remarks. A 

 plan for laying out a public cemetery well merits attention ; and 

 there are various designs for different descriptions of forcing- 

 houses. The practice of heating by hot water continues to in- 

 crease ; and the two modes most generally in use about London 

 are, that with common horizontal pipes and an open boiler; 

 and that practised by Weeks, by which the water is first raised 

 to a level varying in height according to circumstances, and 

 afterwards circulated in small tubes on the same or on different 

 levels; every inequality being overcome which is below the 

 level of the elevation to which the water is raised. Cast-iron 

 tubes are in most general use; but zinc is employed in some 

 places, and earthenware in others ; and at Vienna, glass, as will 

 appear by the design of a house so erected, which will be given 

 in our succeeding Volume. The use of iron sash-bars, and of 

 curvilinear surfaces, in theconstruction of hot-houses, appears to 

 be on the increase. 



Arboriculture. — The advantage of girdling trees has been 

 pointed out by Mr. Ward ; and Mr. Gorrie has illustrated Mr. 

 Lawrence's plan for forming plantations with a view to facilitate 

 their after-management. The difference between the stalked" 



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