ART. 14 FOSSIL AND KEOENT BRYOZOA CANU AISTD BASSLER 45 



easily among each other, here they are absolutely individual. This 

 is a specialization which is complete in the Ascophora. 



Affinities. — This genus has the structure of the Hiantoporidae in 

 the presence of inter juncturai pores and of the large avicularia but 

 we have not seen traces of costules nor of areal spines. In the form 

 of the frontal pores as well as the size of the distal spines, it belongs 

 perhaps to the Arachnopusiidae, but we do not know yet if these two 

 families are really distinct. Finally the presence of cardelles, which 

 denotes the presence of a compensatrix in the Ascophora, indicates 

 an ultimate and unexpected perfection. The place of the genus in 

 the family Hiantoporidae is therefore very doubtful. Smitt, 1872, 

 who was able to understand so well the relationships of the bryozoa, 

 had the same doubts. He says: 



The present species, without doubt, comes nearest to the true Escharae. 

 Their best systematic place, at least provisionally, will be in the beginning of 

 the Escharine series. 



In support of this hypothesis we are able to cite the nature of the 

 opercula, which are very close to those of the Petraliidae. 



It is then very difficult to introduce the genus in a known family. 

 We consider it provisionally as an ancestral form which engendered 

 Araclinopusia and Hiantopora, and since we are ignorant of the larva, 

 we prefer to class it doubtfully in the Hiantoporidae in order not to 

 change the present nomenclature. 



We have added a second genotype to the genus so as to have a 

 recent species represented. Lepralia celleporoides Busk, 1884, appears 

 to have the greatest geographic distribution. We would have chosen 

 Escharipora mucronaia Smitt, 1872, which is the older, if we had had 

 the good fortune to rediscover it. 



Distribution. — The different species of the genus have been observed 

 at all depths from 12 to 448 meters. This bathymetric disposition 

 has as a corollary a great geographic distribution. In fact the genus 

 has been observed in the Atlantic, in the Pacific, and in the China 

 Sea. In the Northern Hemisphere it does not go beyond the thirty- 

 first parallel, and it is therefore a tropical genus. Its paleontologic 

 distribution was consequently larger, and we have seen fossil repre- 

 sentations in the Miocene (Tortonian) from Europe and even in the 

 Eocene of Tunis. The oldest species is Cretaceous (Rocanean of 

 Argentina). The genus appears then to have migrated from the 

 Southern Hemisphere toward the Northern Hemisphere. Canu, 

 1923, has shown that the genus Mucronella, in which the first repre- 

 sentatives have been found in the Cretaceous of Madagascar, has 

 undergone the same phenomenon. 



TREMOGASTERINA GRANULATA, new speciea 



Plate 13, Figures 3, 4; Plate 33, Figure 2; text Figures 6 b-f 



Description. — The zoarium is unilamellar, often cylindrical. The 

 zooecia are distinct, separated by a line of small inter] unctural pores, 



