AET. 14 FOSSIL AND KECENT BEYOZOA CANU AND BASSLER 



145 



HOLOPORELLA TURRITA Smitt, 1873 



Text Figures 33 c, d 



1873. Lepralia turrita Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa. Kongl. Svenska Veten- 

 skaps Akademiens, Handlingar, vol. 11, p. 65, pi. 5, figs. 226-228. 



1881. Cellepora turrita Ridley, Proc. Zoological Society, London, p. 55. 



1890. Lepralia turrita Kirkpatrick, Hydrozoa and Polyzoa from the China 

 Sea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, vol. 5, p. 16. 



1914. Holoporella turrita Osburn, Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands. Publi- 

 cation Carnegie Institution, Washington, No. 182, p. 217. 



1923. Holoporella turrita Canu and Bassler, North American Later Ter- 

 tiary and Quaternary Bryozoa. Bull. 125, U. S. National Museum, 

 p. 179, pi. 46, fig. 1. 



, , ^ f/ia = 0.14.-0.18. mm. 

 Measurements. — Aperturei, „._ 



Ua = 0.18 mm. 



Structure. — There are two sorts of opercula. The transverse ones 



appear to correspond to deep zooecia and the elongated ones to super- 



FiG. 33.— QPEKCULA, X 85. A. Holoporella tubulosa, new species. B. Ho- - 



OPORELLA 3UBALBA, NEW SPECIES. C, D. HOLOPORELLA TURRITA SMITT, 1873. 



E-G. Holoporella vagans Busk, 1888. E. Mandible. F, O. Opercula 



ficial zooecia. We have made the same observation in specimens from 

 the PhiHppine Islands. Our specimens do not have the interzooecial 

 avicularia figured by Smitt and which we have observed in the 

 Phihppine examples. Their presence appears to be in relationship 

 with the tranquillity of the waters. 



Variations. — The number and the dimensions of the stout spines 

 are alone variable; there are generally four or five on the specimens 

 from the Gulf of Mexico and from two to six on the Philippine speci- 

 mens. The fossil specimen from the Pleistocene of Panama is very 

 vigorous; its apertural width is 0.20 mm. In spite of the large 

 number of specimens observed, the ovicell is not yet known. ^^ 



Biology. — "Color in life bright pink to brick red. The younger 

 zooecia are separated by delicate, raised, white walls which are very 

 conspicuous against the red color of the colony. The white points 

 of the blunt spines are also strongly contrasted with the ground 

 color." (Osburn.) 



11 Smittia turrita Waters, 1883, is probably a distinct species of the Tridenticulata group. 

 ,58513—28 10 



