96 NATURAL HISTORY OF KERGUELEN ISLAND. 



The small intestine passes ont from the gizzard on the right side, 

 curving sharply backward (parallel to spine) for 3 inches, and returning 

 upon itself to the level of its exit from the gizzard. Within this fold lies 

 the pancreas^ moulded to the intestine on each side, and quite filling the 

 interspaces of its curved surfaces. It is, therefore, about 3 inches in 

 length, constricted along its central axis, and spreading out along both 

 its ventral and dorsal surfaces. The anterior end is the larger, opposite 

 to which the hepatic and gall ducts empty into the duodenum at least 

 G inches from the gizzard. The pancreatic duct was lost in dissection, ' 

 at a point about half an inch beyond the entrance of the hepatic duct, 

 so that the point at which it empties into duodenum was not accu- 

 rately determined, but it is certainly below the termination of hepatic 

 duct. The intestine of this alcoholic specimen measures 44 inches in all; 

 that of a fresh specimen, measured in the field, being 48 inches in 

 length.* The cseca, which are quite as large in diameter as the intestine 

 itself, are each 8 inches long, terminating in a mammillar point. From 

 the origin of caeca to anus the distance is 3 inches ; 23 inches below 

 gizzard is another small csecal appendage, rather less than 1 inch 

 long. 



Pericardium is large and full, occupying the central parts of thorax. 

 A process of the pericardium is produced downward upon and between 

 the lobes of the liver. The heart is large, and of the usual color. On 

 each side of the trachea are to be seen the superior cavse, with their 

 branches, and beneath these lie the carotid arteries, which are double, 

 the left being rather larger than the right. They dip beneath the 

 trachea and cesophagus, converge, lying upon the anterior cervical mus- 

 cles, run parallel for about half an inch, and divide into branches about 

 an inch and a half above the first rib. The specimen not being injected, 

 we were unable to determine whether or no there is an anastomosis 

 between these arteries. The bifurcation of the trachea appears above 

 the sternum, presenting no sternal fold in this species. 



The liver is very large, extending on both sides for half an inch beyond 

 the level of the acetabula. Left lobe nearly as large as right. Pos- 

 teriorly and superiorly, it is deeply grooved by contact with the other 

 viscera; anteriorly, along-tailed process passes forward and upward, 

 ending in a sort of suspensory ligament; the process of pericardium 



* Mr. Cunningham records the length of the intestine of the larger species, C. alba, 

 as but 40 inches, the caeca as 7 inches each ; distance between their origin and the anus, 

 2i inches. (Journ. Anat. and Phj^s. 1869, p. 89.) 



