PRODUCTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS. 81 



16. SHELL— Continued. 



b. Shells used for imiilements, &c.: 



(Painters' mussel, {Unio pictorum,) used to hold colors.) 



(Shells of Placuna placenta, used in China as a substitute for 

 window-glass.) 



Shells of Mercenaria violacea. Purpura lapillus, and Buccinum 

 iindatum, used by Indians of eastern coast in manufacture 

 of money, with specimens of wampum, (with the modern 

 wampum or shell- beads manufactured for the Indian trade,) 

 and of the hyqua or Dentalimn shells, employed in a similar 

 manner by the Indians of the Pacific coast. 



Specimens of the cowry, {Cypraea moneta.) " Live cowry" 

 and dead cowry, used in African trade and for trimmings. 



Shells of Cypraea, Botella, Oliva, Turritella, Phasianella, 

 (Venetian shells,) &c., mounted as buttons and jewelry. 



Composition shell-work for box-covers and frames, made by 

 glueing shells in mosaics. 



Calcined shells, used by dentifrice and porcelain makers. 

 (See,^also, under 32.) 



Cuttle-fish bone from Sepia officinalis, used as a pounce, as a 

 dentifrice, as polishing-powders, for taking fine impres- 

 sions in counterfeiting, and as food for birds. (See, also, 

 under D. 5.) 



Concretions from the stomach of Astacus, known as " crab's- 

 eyes " and " crab-stones," and used as antacids. 



Shell of king-crab, {Limulus polyphemus,) used as a boat- 

 bailer. 



Opercula of mollusks, used as " eye-stones." 



17. CORAL. 



a. Coral as a material : 



Eed coral, {CoraUium nohilis,) with specimens of the five 

 commercial grades (1, froth of blood ; 2, flower of blood f 

 3, 4, 5, blood of first, second, and third qualities) of the^ 

 white variety, and of the round beads, negligee beadr^,. 

 bracelets, pins, coronets, armlets, and earrings, &c. 



White coral, Oculina, sp., used by jewelers. 



Madrepores and other showy corals, used for ornamental 

 purposes. 



Horny axis of black flexible coral, {Plexaura crassa,) used for 

 canes and whips in the Bermudas. 



