REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 33 



viously buried when subsequent interments were made. Giusiwa was inhabited 

 in prehistoric times and also well within the historical period, as is attested 

 by its massive, roofless church, built about the beginning of the seventeenth 

 century. Nevertheless, no indication of Spanish influence was found in the 

 ancient cemetery, and it is assumed that burial therein ceased with the com- 

 ing of the missionaries and the establishment of the campo santo adjacent to the 

 church. All collections gathered at Giusiwa have been deposited in the National 

 Museum. 



Other immense ruins on the summits of the mesas bounding the valley on the 

 west were examined with the view of their future excavation. The exact posi- 

 tion of the Jemez tribe among the Pueblo peoples is a problem, and both 

 archeological and ethnological studies thereof are essential to its determination. 



On completing this reconnoissance excavation was conducted in a cemetery at 

 the great stone pueblo of Puye, on a mesa 8 miles west of the Tewa village of 

 Santa Clara. About 50 burials were exhumed and sent to the National Museum, 

 but artifacts were not found in abundance here, and as a rule they are not ex- 

 cellent in quality. In the joint work in the Rito de los Frijoles the expedition 

 was fortunate in having the cooperation of Prof. Junius Henderson and Prof. 

 W. W. Robbins, of the University of Colorado at Boulder, who, respectively, 

 while the excavations were in progress, conducted studies in the ethno-zoology 

 and the ethno-botany of the Tewa Indians, and also on the influence of climate 

 and geology on the life of the early inhabitants of the Rito de los Frijoles. At 

 the same time Mr. J. P. Harrington continued his researches in Tewa geo- 

 graphic nomenclature and cooperated with Professors Henderson and Robbins in 

 supplying the native terms for plants and animals used by these Indians as 

 food and medicine in ceremonies and for other purposes. The expedition was 

 also fortunate in having the services of Mr. Sylvanus G. Morley in connection 

 with the excavations in the Rito, of Mr. K. M. Chapman in the study of the 

 decoration of the pottery and of the pictographs of the entire upper Rio Grande 

 region, of Mr. Jesse L. Nusbaum in the photographic work, and of Mr. J. P. 

 Adams in the surveying. Valued aid was also rendered by Messrs. Neil M. Judd, 

 Donald Beauregard, and Nathan Goldsmith. 



The scientific results of the joint research are rapidly nearing completion and 

 will be submitted to the bureau for publication at an early date. 



Throughout almost the entire year Mr. James Mooney, ethnologist, was oc- 

 cupied in the office in compiling the material for his study of Indian population 

 covering the whole territory north of Mexico from the first white occupancy 

 to the present time. By request of the Nebraska State Historical Society he 

 was detailed in January, 1911, to attend the joint session of that body and the 

 Mississippi Valley Historical Association, at Lincoln, Nebraska, where he de- 

 livered three principal addresses bearing particularly on the method and results 

 of the researches of the bureau with the view of their application in local his- 

 torical and ethnological investigations. 



On June 4 Mr. Mooney started for the reservation of the East Cherokee in 

 North Carolina to continue former studies of the sacred formulas and general 

 ethnology of that tribe, and was engaged in this work at the close of the month. 



At the beginning of the fiscal year Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, ethnologist, was in 

 northern Arizona examining the great cave pueblos and other ruins within 

 the Navaho National Monument. He found that since his visit in 1909 con- 

 siderable excavation had been done by others in the rooms of Betatakin, and 

 that the walls of Kitsiel, the other large cliff ruin, were greatly in need of re- 

 pair. Guided by resident Navaho, he visited several hitherto undescribed cliff 

 dwellings and gathered a fairly good collection of objects illustrating prehistoric 

 culture of this part of northern Arizona, wbich have been deposited in the 



