REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. " 39 



Early in September Mr. Hodge joined Dr. Edgar L. Hewett, direc- 

 tor of the School of American Archaeology, and his assistants, in the 

 Jemez Valley, about 65 miles northwest of Albuquerque, for the pur- 

 pose of conducting excavations, under the joint auspices of the bureau 

 and the school, in an extensive ruined pueblo on a mesa 1,800 feet in 

 height, skirting the valley on the west. This village was- occupied 

 within the historical period by the Jemez people, by whom it is 

 known as Kwasteyukwa. The ruins cover an area approximately 

 850 by 600 feet, and even on partial excavation exhibited distinct evi- 

 dence of occupancy at two different periods. The original pueblo was 

 considerably larger than the one later inhabited, although the latter 

 was built on the ruins of the older and of the same materials. The 

 walls were of tufa blocks, rudely shaped and set in adobe mortar; 

 the rooms were small, the masonry crude, and practically none of the 

 walls remain standing above ground. A large artificial reservoir in 

 a northwestern angle of the ruin furnished the water supply, and 

 various smaller depressions probably mark the sites of kivas. The 

 later inhabitants — those within the historical period, or about the 

 first half of the seventeenth century — buried their dead in and be- 

 neath the debris of the older part of the pueblo. The mortuary ac- 

 companiments were of the usual character, speaking in general 

 terms — pottery, traces of textiles, stone and bone implements and 

 other objects, and a few ornaments. The finding of glass beads with 

 the remains of a child, and an iron nail in another grave, bear testi- 

 mony of the comparatively recent occupancy of the village bv the 

 Jemez Indians. It was the custom of the inhabitants to throw large 

 stones into the graves, resulting in the breaking of almost all the 

 pottery deposited with the dead. The fragments were carefully pre- 

 served, however, and will be repaired by the National Museum. A 

 noteworthy specimen of pottery bears in its decoration a feather 

 design almost identical with feather symbols found on ancient pot- 

 tery of the Hopi, and therefore tending to verify traditions of 

 the latter people that some of their ancestral clans came from the 

 Jemez. 



Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, ethnologist, was engaged in field work 

 from July to October, having especially in view the determination 

 of the western limits of the ancient Pueblo culture in Arizona. Out- 

 fitting at Jerome, in that State, he proceeded to certain large ruins 

 on the upper Verde, on Oak Creek, and in Sycamore Canyon, where 

 some time was spent at each locality in photographing and in making 

 plans of these and adjacent remains, as well as in a study of the 

 formerly occupied caves near the mouth of Oak Creek. Crossing the 

 rough country separating the upper course of Oak Creek and the 

 great sandstone cliffs known as the Red Eocks, Dr. Fewkes revisited 

 and further studied the large cliff dwellings, known as Honanki and 



