40 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1912. 



Palatki, excavated by him in 1895. Several hitherto undescribed 

 ruins were added to the list of ancient remains in this general vicinity. 



From the Red Rocks Dr. Fewkes returned to the Yerde and fol- 

 lowed that stream upward to the Jordan ranch, where cliff houses of 

 an instructive character were photographed and studied. He also 

 investigated on the hills back of Cornville certain large stone struc- 

 tures of the type known to Spanish-speaking people as trincheras, 

 rude but massive fortifications that here begin to assume importance. 

 A number of ruins hitherto unrecorded belonging to the cave- or cliff- 

 dwelling type were observed in the walls of Sycamore Canyon, or 

 Dragoon Fork, and the outlines of stone houses were seen above the 

 river terrace near the junction of Sycamore Creek and Verde River. 

 A large aboriginal fort, with walls well preserved, was found on a 

 height overlooking the Verde, above the mouth of Granite Creek, and 

 others more nearly destroyed were seen at the Baker ranch and in 

 Hell Canyon, not far from Del Rio Station. Near the Baker ranch, 

 a mile or two down the Verde, are the remains of a cliff dwelling, 

 directly in the line of a projected railroad, which will probably be 

 destroyed when the road is constructed. Dr. Fewkes also visited the 

 ruins of several fragile-walled habitations, consisting of low mounds, 

 near Jerome Junction and Del Rio. Although many evidences of 

 such ancient dwellings are here seen, most of the foundation walls have 

 been carried away by settlers and used in their own house building. 



A large fort, with well-preserved walls, occupies a low limestone 

 ridge east of Williamson Valley, above the trail from Del Rio west- 

 ward, and commanding a view of the valley west of Jerome. This 

 fort is typical of the trincheras that appear more and more frequently 

 as one proceeds westward from the upper Verde. Several incon- 

 spicuous ruins, hitherto undescribed, were found in Williamson Val- 

 ley, those situated on the hills belonging to the fortification type, 

 while those in the valleys consist merely of low mounds of stone and 

 other debris. 



Proceeding westward from Chino Vallejr, many interesting ruins 

 were observed along the valley of Walnut Creek, referred to in Lieut. 

 A. W. Whipple's report of 1853 as Pueblo Valley, once noted as the 

 site of old Camp Hualapai. This vale, from Aztec Pass to the point 

 where the creek is lost in the sands of Williamson Valle^v, was ex- 

 tensively tilled in prehistoric times, as is attested by the well-marked 

 remains of ancient irrigation ditches. Characteristic petroglyphs 

 were also found in Walnut Valley. 



As elsewhere in this region, two types of ruins were observed in 

 Walnut Valley, namely, (1) extensive stone fortifications with mas- 

 sive walls crowning the hilltops on both sides of the valley and com- 

 manding a wide view, and (2), on the low terraces bordering the 

 stream, clusters of small mounds constituting the remains of farm- 



