REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 47 



westward, is rectangular and contains 11 rooms in its ground plan. 

 Four kivas are traceable among the rooms of the main compound — 

 one in the northwestern, one in the central, and two in the southAvest- 

 ern group. In each case, so far as is determinable without excavation, 

 the outer walls of the kivas are rectangular, while the inner Avails are 

 circular and slightly recessed a short distance above the floor. 



About 500 feet southeastward from the main compound, at the 

 edge of the mesa, stand the well-preserved walls of another structure, 

 consisting of a double row of rooms, the outer wall, or that over- 

 looking the mesa rim, extending 28 and 15 feet, respectively, beyond 

 the northwestern and southwestern corners of the building proper, in 

 order to give further protection. The length of this outer Avail from 

 angle to angle is about 132 feet. It exhibits one of the finest ex- 

 amples of masonry to be seen in the ancient pueblo ruins of the 

 Southwest, for not only have the building stones been dressed to 

 shape, but their faces haA^e been finished by pecking, Avith such labor 

 as to confirm the belief that the ancient village Avas designed for 

 permanent occupancy. The southern corner of the outer defensive 

 wall is not only curved, but the stones of which it is built are rounded 

 by careful pecking, a most unusual feature in pueblo architecture. 

 That this last structure was designed to protect the most vulnerable 

 part of the mesa is evident from the fact that the outer wall is Avith- 

 out openings of any kind and extends beyond the rooms of the struc- 

 ture, and because the adjacent mesa rim is protected by a rude low 

 Avail, especially at such points as required ready defense against 

 attack from beloAv. As already noted, the Avails of these ruins are 

 noteworthy by reason of the excellence of their masonry, special 

 effort having been made to produce a pleasing effect in the exterior 

 faces. Of the inner walls so much can not be said; but as there is 

 no question that when the houses Avere occupied the rooms were 

 smoothly plastered, there was little need of the elaborate finish ac- 

 corded the exposed masonry. Slight attention Avas paid either to 

 regularity in the shape of the stones or to smoothness of surface in 

 building the inner Avails, nor Avas the aboriginal mason more par- 

 ticular in bonding the inner and outer courses than in "breaking" 

 the joints of the outer face. It seems remarkable that, possessed of 

 such patience and expertness as the builders here display in other 

 Avays, they seem to have been unaAvare of the necessity of avoiding 

 the construction of their walls in such manner that in places as many 

 as six or seA^en vertical joints occur practically in line. In this brief 

 report only mere mention can be made of many other interesting 

 architectural features of these ruins, as well as of another pueblo 

 ruin, more or less circular in shape, situated a few miles northeast- 

 ward on a low mesa at the extreme head of CeboUita Valley, which 

 here forms a small but beautiful canyon. 



