84 THE DISHASHS OF PHEASANTS. 
in. breadth throughout; and that of the female measures 1-35th, whilst the 
transverse diameter of the male is only from 1-60th to 1-50th of an inch. The 
heads are relatively even more disproportionate. In the fresh state the mouth 
of the female was seen to be furnished with six prominent chitinous lips 
(fig. 2). | 
“In both sexes the surface of the body is quite smooth, but the female 
displays a series of spirally-arranged lines which at first sight convey the idea of a 
natural twisting of the body; this, however, is more apparent than real, being 
likewise more marked in some individuals than in others. The body of the female, 
towards the tail exhibits a decided tendency to fold upon itself; and in one 
example this feature was very significant (fig. 3). The lower part of the body 
preserves a tolerably uniform thickness almost to the extremity, where it is suddenly 
constricted to form a short narrow mucronate pointed tail, scarcely visible to the 
naked eye. Employing a pocket lens, it is easy to observe through the transparent 
integument the spacious digestive canal, surrounded on all sides by sinuous foldings 
of the ovarium, tuba, and uterus—the vagina terminating laterally at a point 
corresponding with the line of the upper fourth of the body. Here the male 
is usually found rigidly affixed by means of a strong membranous sucker, which 
proceeds from the lower end of the body. This cup-shaped appendage is formed 
out of a folded extension of the skin, which thus envelopes the centrally enclosed 
and rounded tail (Fig. 4). The eggs of Sclerostoma syngamus are comparatively 
large, measuring, longitudinally, as much as the 1-250th of an inch (Fig. 5). 
Many of the ova contain fully-formed embryos; and in the centre of the lower 
third of the body of one of them I distinctly perceived an undulating canal, 
probably constituting the as yet imperfectly formed intestinal tube. By whatever 
mode the young make their ewit from the shell, it is manifest that prior to their 
expulsion they are sufficiently developed to undertake an active migration. Their 
next habitation may occur within the body of certain insect larvee or even small 
land mollusks; but I think it more likely that they either enter the substance of 
vegetable matters or bury themselves in the soil at a short distance from the 
surface.” 
With regard to the treatment of this disease, the plan of giving remedies 
internally to remove the worms, is objectionable, as the medicine has to be absorbed, 
pass into the blood, and act powerfully upon the body of the bird before its 
purpose can be accomplished; its direct application to the worms is therefore 
preferable. This may be accomplished by stripping the vane from a small quill 
feather, except half an inch at its extremity; this should then be dipped in spirits 
of turpentine; and the chick being securely held by an assistant, the tongue may 
be drawn forward by catching the barbs at its base in a lock of cotton wool, and 
then pulling it forward so as to expose the small opening of the windpipe, down 
