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UNITED STATES NATIONAIi MtrSEtTM BULLETIN 215 



and infralaminal apertures. It differs from Truncorota- 

 loides Bronnimann and Bermudez in lacking the 

 secondary sutural apertures on the spiral side. 



Other generic names have been proposed for various 

 species of Globorotalia, largely based on chamber shape. 

 However, in considering all species there are gradations 

 from each extreme of chamber shape or size of umbilicus 

 to the typical form of Globorotalia. Thus although 

 certain extreme forms may appear to represent dis- 

 tinctive types, the other species are intermediate in 

 character, so that no sharp boimdaries appear. 



Truncorotalia Cushman and Bermudez included 

 species with an mnbihco-convex form, sharply angular- 

 rhomboid chambers and an elongate and slitlike 

 aperture. However, these features are regarded as 

 only of specific importance, and intermediate species 

 between this form and that represented by Globorotalia 

 tumida are impossible to separate. 



Turborotalia Cushman and Bermudez included species 

 with a globose form, with a small or indistinct umbilicus, 

 and with a narrower apertural lip. There are also 

 many intermediate forms, and the distinctions are 

 again regarded only as of specific value. 



Acarinina Subbotina was proposed for the same 

 group of species as Turborotalia, and even included its 

 type species. Hence it also becomes a jimior synonym. 



Haque (1956, p. 147) described Globanomalina, 

 separating it from Globigerina d'Orbigny, because of 

 the very smooth test as compared to the spinose test of 

 Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny, and because of the 

 peripheral rather than umbilical aperture. However, 

 the majority of the described species of Globigerina, 

 including G. bulloides, may also have a smooth surface, 

 and the trochospiral test and the extraumbilical- 

 umbilical position of the aperture of Globanomalina 

 prove it to be a synonym of Globorotalia. The type 

 species, Globanomalina ovalis, is apparently close to the 

 early Paleocene group of Globorotalia with roimded, 

 keeUess chambers, e. g., Globorotalia compressa (Plimi- 

 mer) and Globorotalia pseudobulloides (Plummer) . 



Haque (1956, p. 185) also described Pseudogloboro- 

 talia, separating it from Globorotalia mainly on the basis 

 of the smooth and shiny test, whereas he stated that 

 Cushman characterized Globorotalia as having a thick 

 cancellated surface. Cushman (1927, p. 91) stated that 

 Globorotalia has a "wall frequently roughened through- 

 out," but did not state it to be cancellated, and the 

 type species, G. tumida, has a smooth surface. Thus 

 this basis for separation is invalid. Pseudogloborotalia 

 is here questionably placed as a synonym of Globoro- 

 talia, and is also questionably considered a planktonic 

 species. Specimens deposited in the U. S. National 

 Museum by Haque closely resemble the genus Globoro- 

 talites Brotzen, which is not a planktonic form, but a 

 study of additional and better preserved material will 

 be necessary to definitely place Pseudogloborotalia. 



Types and occurrence: Syn types of Pulvinulina 

 menardii tumida Brady (USNM P3143), the type 

 species of Globorotalia Cushman, from the Post Tertiary 

 of New Ireland. 



Figured topotype (USNM P4542) of Rotalina trunca- 

 tulinoides d'Orbigny (the type species of Truncorotalia) 

 and unfigured topotypes (USNM P4231) from d'Or- 

 bigny's original sample, Kecent, He de Teneriffe, 

 Canaries. 



Holotype of Globorotalia centralis Cushman and Ber- 

 mudez (Cushman CoU. 23426) the type species of 

 Turborotalia, and paratypes (Cushman Coll. 23425) 

 from the Eocene, under railroad bridge on Central 

 Highway, located in Jicotea, Santa Clara Province, 

 Cuba. Collected by P. J. Bermudez. 



Hypotypes of Pseudogloborotalia ranikotensis Haque 

 (USNM P5398) from the Paleocene (Kanikot forma- 

 tion), Nammal Gorge, Salt Kange, Pakistan. Sent by 

 A. F. M. Mohsenul Haque. 



Hypotypes of Globanomalina ovalis Haque (USNM 

 P5399) from the lower Eocene, upper part of the lower 

 Laki formation, Nammal Gorge, Salt Range, Pakistan. 

 Sent by A. F. M. Mohsenul Haque. 



Range: Paleocene to Recent. 



Genus Truncorotaloides Bronnimann and Bermudez, 1953 



Plate 10, Figxtbbs 5a-c 



Truncorotaloides Bronnimann and Bermudez, Journ. Paleontol., 

 vol. 27, No. 6, p. 817, 1953. 



Type species: Truncorotaloides rohri Bronnimann 

 and Bermudez, 1953. Fixed by original designation. 



Test free, trochospiral, biconvex to umbilicoconvex, 

 umbilicate, with or without a single keel; chambers 

 ovate to angular-rhomboid; sutures depressed, radial 

 to oblique on the spiral side, radial and depressed on 

 the imibilical side; wall calcareous, perforate, radial in 

 structure, surface prominently hispid throughout; pri- 

 mary aperture interiomarginal, extraumbilical-umbili- 

 cal, with single secondary sutural apertures on the 

 spiral side at the inner margin of the later chambers 

 where they lie against the previous whorl. 



Remarks: Truncorotaloides resembles Globigerinoides 

 Cushman in having the small secondary apertures on 

 the spiral side, but differs in having the primary aper- 

 ture interiomarginal, extraumbilical-umbilical, rather 

 than completely umbilical. 



Truncorotaloides differs from Globorotalia Cushman 

 in the presence of the secondary sutural apertures on 

 the spiral side. 



Types and occurrence: Holotype of Truncorota- 

 loides rohri Bronnimann and Bermudez (USNM P4233) 

 from the Eocene Navet formation, marl pebble bed, 

 Duff road area, near Kelly junction, about 7 miles east 

 of Pointe-a-Pierre, Central Trinidad, B. W. I. 



Range: Eocene. 



Family Globotruncariidae Brotzen, 1942 



Type genus: Globotruncana Cushman, 1927. 



Coiling of test trochospu-al; chambers spherical to 

 angular, commonly truncate or keeled ; wall calcareous, 

 perforate, radial in structure; primary aperture umbih- 



