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XJNITBD STATES NATIONAL MUSBXJM BULLETIN 216 



crystallized, so that a determination of the early stage 

 is almost impossible. Many specimens have a very 

 tiny coiled stage and the two or three tiny chambers 

 below the proloculum may be partially or entirely 

 destroyed, resulting ia a falsely biserial appearance. 

 Examples of this modification are not rare in the collec- 

 tion. In spite of these negative elements, and of the 

 precautions taken in the statistical examination, the 

 percentage of coiled specimens in more than 3000 

 specimens of Quemhelina is only 8.2 percent, a value 

 that, with further iavestigation, may increase but will 

 not decrease. 



Guemhelina globulosa, G. globocarinata, and 6. planata, 

 are the most closely related by general shape to typical 

 Heterohelix. In G. globidosa 25 percent of the specimens 

 are coiled; in G. globocarinata, 16 percent. In many 

 cases the well developed specimens also have well 

 developed coiling. Nine of the 14 species of Guem- 

 belina examined may have a cleai'ly coiled early stage, 

 and although most of the paratypes of Heterohelix 

 navarroensis Loeblich were found to be coiled, some 

 uncoiled specimens also occur in this species. 



In the present study only the early Cretaceous Guem- 

 belina have been found to be without coiling in the early 

 stage, or show it only rarely. The name Heterohelix 

 could thus possibly be restricted to only the coiled 

 forms of the uppermost Upper Cretaceous. However, 

 the name Guembelina could not be used for the uncoiled 

 species of the Lower Cretaceous because the type 

 species of Guembelina shows an early coil and is late 

 Upper Cretaceous in age. 



Morphologically, their separation is also unwarranted, 

 because not only Guembelina and Heterohelix have an 

 early coiled stage, as was demonstrated previously by 

 Loeblich for Guembelina and Ventilabrella (=Plano- 

 globvlina), and as the present study has shown also for 

 Tubitextularia, Pseudoguembelina, Gublerina and Eace- 

 miguembelina. Fm-thermore the entire group of the 

 biserial Heterohelicidae (Guembelina-Heterohelix) are 

 homogeneous in aU other characters: the chambers 

 tend to become globular, the surface may become 

 striate by the alignment of the very fine spines in thin 

 striae; there may be an initial coil of as many as 5 to 

 6 chambers, and there is a simple aperture. 



Other differences are only minor, such as the statis- 

 tically larger number of biserial chambers in Guembelina 

 (in fact Loeblich cites Heterohelix navarroensis with 11 

 biserial chambers also, and the present writer observed 

 a specimen of G. globulosa (Cushman Coll. 24400), with 

 only four chambers following the coil), and the larger 

 frequency of coiled specimens in Heterohelix (which has 

 however fewer representatives in species and specimens). 

 These differences can only justify specific separation. 

 Consequently Guembelina cannot be separated from 

 Heterohelix as representing a different superfanuly, 

 family, or subfamily, and is not even a distinct genus. 

 As Heterohelix has priority, the name Guembelina must 

 be considered a junior synonym. 



Genus Pseudotextularia Rzehak, 1891, emended 



Plate 33, Fioube 6 



Psetidotextularia Rzehak, Verh. Naturf. Ver. BrUnn, vol. 24, 



p. 8, 1886 (nomen nudum) ; (part), Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus., 



Wien., vol. 6, No. 1, p. 2, 1891. 

 Bronnihrownia Montanaro Gallitelu, Mem. Accad. Sci. 



Lett. Arti Modena, ser. 6, vol. 13, pp. 215, 220, 222 (nomen 



nudum), 1955. 

 Bronnimannella Montanabo Galmtelli, Contr. Cushman 



Pound. Foram. Res., vol. 7, p. 35, 1956. Type species: 



Guemhelina plummerae Loetterle, 1937; fixed by original 



designation. 



Type species: Cuneolina elegans Bzehak, 1891. 

 Fixed by subsequent monotypy, Kzehak, 1891. From 

 the Upper Cretaceous (Alttertiar, Palaogen), glau- 

 konitischer Tegelsand, from Bruderndorf, Niederoster- 

 reich, Germany. 



Diagnosis: Test calcareous, generally coiled in the 

 early stage, later biserial, cuneiform, chambers rapidly 

 increasing in size as added. Later chambers increase 

 very rapidly in thickness and become comparatively 

 strongly compressed laterally, so that the original pro- 

 portion of breadth to thickness is inverted, reaching an 

 extreme of 1 : 4. The last chamber may be deflected 

 from the normal biserial alignment and become nearly 

 central in position. Aperture broad, becoming almost 

 linear in the most appressed forms. Aberrant speci- 

 mens may have an additional smaller aperture at the 

 top of the last chamber. 



Discussion: The generic name Pseudotextularia was 

 first used by Ezehak (1886, p. 8) for a form resembling 

 Textularia, but regarded as either a monstrosity or a 

 new genus. No species were placed in the genus until 

 1891 (p. 4) when Rzehak described Cuneolina elegant, 

 remarking that it should perhaps be placed in a distinct 

 genus, for which he had previously proposed the name 

 Pseudotextularia. Cuneolina elegans, as the first species 

 placed in the genus, thus becomes the type species, as 

 was noted by Ellis and Messina (1940), being desig- 

 nated by subsequent monotypy. Rzehak included in 

 this species both biserial forms and those with chamber 

 proliferation. He later (Rzehak, 1895, p. 217) de- 

 scribed Pseudotextularia varians, but as he included his 

 earlier Cuneolina elegans in its synonymy, P. varians is 

 an invalid synonym. This publication gave the earliest 

 illustrations, the figs, la, b being of a biserial specimen, 

 and figs. 2, 3 showing a form with chamber proliferation 

 at the top. This description considered the biserial 

 form to represent a youthful stage of a species whose 

 adult form was proliferated. Later workers considered 

 them to represent two different species, and White 

 (1929, p. 40) restricted Pseudotextularia variant to the 

 figs. 2, 3 of Rzehak, and placed the biserial form 

 (Rzehak's figs, la, b) in Guembelina elegans (Rzehak). 



Galloway (1933, p. 348) considered Pseudotextularia 

 varians to be the type by monotypy of Pseudotextularia, 

 also considering Rzehak's fig. 1 to be of Guembelina 

 elegans ; in this he was followed by later writers (Cush- 

 man, 1948, p. 256; Pokorn^, 1954, p. 245). 



