STUDIES IN FOKAMINIFERA 



139 



Glaessner (1936, p. 99) considered varians to be only 

 a variety of elegans, and copied Rzehak's figs, la, b as 

 typical Pseudotextularia elegans, Rzehak's fig. 2 as P. 

 elegans var. varians, and Rzehak's fig. 3 as P. elegans 

 var. acermlinoides (Egger). Glaessner included within 

 Pseudotextularia Rzehak, 1891, both the forms with and 

 without proliferation, included therein by Rzehak, and 

 also the genera Planoglobulina Cushman, 1927, and 

 Ventilabrella Cushman, 1928, which also show chamber 

 proliferation. Ventilabrella is here considered to be a 

 synonym of Planoglobulina, but the latter is regarded 

 as distinct from both Pseudotextularia and the new 

 genus here described as Racemiguembelina. 



As mentioned above, the type species of Pseudotextu- 

 laria is Cuneolina elegant, and the lectotype of the 

 type species is Rzehak's figs, la, b from the description 

 of Pseudotextularia varians. As mentioned above and 

 as noted by Ellis and Messina (1940), P. varians is 

 merely a junior synonym of C. elegans, and the pro- 

 liferated form requires a new name. 



Following the earlier but erroneous type designation 

 by Galloway, Cushman, Ellis and Messina, and others, 

 the present writer recently proposed the generic name 

 Bronnimannella for the biserial species with later 

 lateral compression, type Guembelina plummerae Loet- 

 terle. The designation of the type specimen of 

 Pseudotextularia elegans as Rzehak's fig. 1 of the 1895 

 publication, makes the species Guembelina plummerae 

 Loetterle a junior synonjon, as it is of similar size, 

 proportions and ornamentation. Thus, the type species 

 of Bronnimannella is conspecific with the type of 

 Pseudotextularia, and the generic name Bronnimannella 

 becomes a junior subjective-objective (genotype species 

 are believed to be the same) synonym. 



The early stage suggests the relationship of Pseudo- 

 textularia to Heterohelix, but in the mature test a 

 gradual but complete change occurs in the proportion 

 of breadth to thickness, with extreme specimens having 

 the proportion of breadth to thickness of 1:4. Pos- 

 sibly another species could be separated, representing 

 the maximum lateral constriction (1:5.5), but a careful 

 investigation of several hundred specimens of the 

 species did not show any sharp discontinuity between 

 the moderately and strongly compressed specimens, 

 although the two extremes look quite different in 

 shape. The ornamentation consists of similar axial 

 ridges, sometimes more prominent in the young stage, 

 and the initial coil is frequent both in the less and in 

 the more compressed forms. Also the deflection of 

 the final chamber to a central position is found in 

 specimens of both extremes of the lateral compression. 

 An example with final central chamber was illustrated 

 recently as Bronnimannella plummerae (Loetterle) (by 

 Montanaro Gallitelli, 1956) and hence is not here 

 refigm-ed. 



The constant characters of this genus are a distinc- 

 tive lateral compression of the test, of great or lesser 

 intensity, culminating in an inversion of the usual 

 proportion of breadth to thickness as known for the 



Heterohelicidae ; and a biserial arrangement of the 

 adult chambers. 



Pseudotextularia differs from Planoglobulina in the 

 inversion of the proportions of lateral compression of 

 the test, and an absence of chamber proliferation. 

 Racemiguembelina, new genus, is separated from Pseudo- 

 textularia by the conical shape (proportion of breadth 

 to thickness of 1:1) and the crown of chamberlets at 

 the top of the test. 



The perfect preservation and the normal increase in 

 the young stage of all the specimens exclude the possi- 

 bihty of mechanical deformation of the test during 

 fossilization. 



Kikoine (1948, pi. 1, figs. 5 and 8) figiu-ed specimens 

 of this genus from the Upper Cretaceous of Hendaye 

 and Gan (Southern Pyrenees). He interprets the 

 specimen of his figujre 8 as a new variety of Guembelina 

 striata (Ehrenberg), G. striata var. dejformis Kikoine, 

 and noted that this variety represents 'Taboutissement 

 de revolution de G. plummerae," and that only the 

 ornamentation of the variety is comparable with the 

 species striata. The figiu-es given by Kikoine clearly 

 show his form to be identical with G. plummerae 

 {= Pseudotextularia elegans), and his variety invalid. 



Genus Pseudoguembelina Bronnimann and Brown, 1953 



Plate 31, Fiqubes 21-23 



Pseudoguembelina Bronnimann and Brown, Contr. Cushman 

 Found. Foram. Res., vol. 4, pt. 4, p. 150, 1953. 



Type species: Guembelina excolata Cushman, 1926. 

 Upper Cretaceous Mendez shale, from Mexico. 



Diagnosis: Test biserial, rarely may be coiled in the 

 early stage; chambers subglobular, becoming lobate in 

 the mature test and compressed laterally near the 

 aperture. Wall calcareous ; surface with straight longi- 

 tudinal costae. Aperture arched, sinuous, extended 

 down into the lateral lobes of each matucre chamber, 

 and producing a sort of accessory aperture which may 

 be covered by tiny flaps. 



Discussion: The presence and the frequency of 

 accessory apertures in the different genera of the 

 Heterohelicidae has been studied, as a basis upon 

 which to confirm or deny the validity of the genus 

 Pseudoguembelina. Accessory apertures may occasion- 

 ally be present in the penultimate or last chamber of 

 various globose species, but it is always a rare feature. 

 Such is the case for Guembelina striata, where the 

 the accessory apertiu-es are not the rule. Rare acces- 

 sory apertures were also observed by Tappan in 

 Guembelitriella Tappan, are not rare in Ventilabrella, 

 and can also be observed in Pseudotextularia elegans 

 (Rzehak). Consequently, as this character is not 

 constant, with related pecularities of shape and posi- 

 tion, and as it is not accompanied by other constant 

 morphological or structural characters, it cannot be 

 accepted as a character of generic importance. 



However, in Pseudoguembelina costulata (Cushman), 



