210 



msriTED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 215 



Simpson test well 1, at lat. 70°57'05" N., long. 

 155°21'45" W., west of Cape Simpson, northern 

 Alaska. 



Unfigured paratypes (USNM P4405) from field 

 sample 49A Tr 685, in the Torok formation, on the 

 south limb of the A3dyak anticlinorium on the Kiruk- 

 tagiak Kiver, north of Castle Mountain, at lat. 

 68°39'15" N., long. 152°43' W., in the southern foot- 

 hills of the Brooks Range, northern Alaska. Collected 

 by I. L. Tailleur, 1949. 



Unfigured paratype (USNM P4406) from field 

 sample 49A Tr 756, in the Torok formation, on Okok 

 Creek, tributary to the Okpikruak River, at lat. 

 68°42'30" N., long. 153°35' W., in the Castle Mountain 

 area in the southern foothills of the Brooks Range, 

 northern Alaska. Collected by I. L. Tailleur, 1949. 



Family Rzehakinidae Cushman, 1933 



The genera here included were in part previously 

 placed in the subfamily Rzehakininae, family Siliciai- 

 dae. However, the type genus of the family, Silicina 

 Bornemann 1874, is unrecognizable as based on its 

 type species, Involutina polymorpha Terquem, 1863. 

 Of the three type specimens of Terquem in the Museum 

 National d'Histoire NatureUe, Paris, examined by 

 Alfred R. Loeblich, Jr., and the writer, one is a frag- 

 ment of a Reophax and the other two are indeterminate 

 fragments. Hence the species and the genus for which 

 it serves as type species are unrecognizable and are 

 here suppressed. Of the three genera placed by Cush- 

 man in the subfamily Silicininae Cushman (1933, p. 

 143) (not Involutiuinae as proposed by Thalmann, 

 1935, p. 715) Silicina is thus unrecognizable; Involutina 

 Terquem, 1862, was shown (Loeblich and Tappan, 

 1954, p. 308) to be an agglutinated form (including 

 species previously referred to Ammodiscus) ; and Proh- 

 lematina Bornemann is calcareous, not related to these 

 siliceous genera. 



Because Silicina is invalid, the family name has no 

 validity, as families (and subfamilies) must be based on 

 a valid genus included in them. For this reason the 

 subfamily Silicininae of Earland (1933, p. 91) also was 

 invalid, as he originally considered it a subfamily of 

 the Lituolidae, including only Rzehakina, Silicosig- 

 moilina and Miliammina, and not including Silicina, 

 which must be included if the subfamily name be based 

 on its name. Thalmann (1935, p. 715) was therefore 

 in error in proposing the subfamily Involutiuinae for 

 the subfamily Silicininae Cushman, 1933 (not Earland, 

 1933). Cushman included the genus Silicina Borne- 

 mann in his subfamily and therefore his usage was valid, 

 whereas Earland did not include that genus and his 

 usage was not valid. 



The name Involutininae Thalmann, 1935 (not Cush- 

 man, 1940, as was erroneously cited by Loeblich and 

 Tappan, 1954, p. 308), with the type genus Involutina 

 Terquem, 1862, must therefore be removed to the 

 fanuly Tolypamminidae (see Loeblich and Tappan, 

 1954, p. 308). 



Sigal (1952, p. 159) restricted the Involutinidae to 

 include only Silicina, Problematina, and Involutina, 

 and placed the family under the suborder Biloculinidea. 

 He then (1952, p. 208) named an "appendice-fanulle" 

 Paramiliolidae to include the chambered genera, i. e., 

 Rzehakina, Silicosigmoilina, Miliammina, and Spirolo- 

 cammina, and placed this "family" in the suborder 

 PlurUociilinidea, superfamily MUiolidea. However, the 

 famUy "Paramiliolidae" is also invalid, as there is no 

 genus "Paramiliola" upon which it can be based. 



Therefore as the Involutininae is based on a genus 

 belonging elsewhere, as the Silicinidae is based on a 

 genus which is unrecognizable, and as the "Paramili- 

 olidae" is not based on any genus, the next family or 

 subfamily name available (these are considered of 

 equal rank for purposes of priority, according to the 

 Rules of Nomenclatiu-e) would be the Rzehakininae 

 Cushman, 1933, which is here elevated to family rank. 



This family now includes Rzehakina Cushman, 1927, 

 Silicosigmoilina Cushman and Church, 1929, Miliam- 

 mina Heron-AUen and Earland, 1930, Spirolocammina 

 Earland, 1934, ^mmZetteia Israelsky, 1951, Trilocularena 

 Loeblich and Tappan, 1955, and the new genus Psam- 

 minopelta, here described. 



The Rzehakinidae includes siliceous or arenaceous 

 genera, insoluble in acid, which are in large part iso- 

 morphs of the calcareous imperforate Miliolidae. 



Genus MUiammina Heron-Allen and Earland, 1930 



Miliammina awunensis Tappan, new species 



Plate 67, Figures 19-21 



Test free, elongate, flattened, ovate in outline, 

 quinqueloculine in plan; chambers narrow, elongate, 

 each a half coil ui length, of equal diameter throughout 

 length; sutures distinct, depressed; wall finely aggluti- 

 nated, surface smoothly finished; aperture a simple 

 opening at the end of the tubular chamber. 



Length of holotype 0.44 mm., breadth 0.26 mm. 

 Paratypes range from 0.23 to 0.65 mm. in length. 



Remarks: Specimens of this species are commonly 

 distorted in preservation and may be crushed at vary- 

 ing angles, so that the test may assume variable out- 

 lines. 



Miliammina awunensis, new species, differs from 

 M. manitobensis Wickenden in having narrower cham- 

 bers, of even diameter throughout, and in being more 

 finely agglutinated and smoothly finished. It differs 

 from M. valdensis Bartenstein and Brand in being 

 somewhat larger with thicker chambers. 



It occm-s in the Gransdtand and Topagoruk forma- 

 tions and in marine zones of the equivalent Chandler 

 formation. 



Types and occurrence: Holotype (USNM P4407) 

 from residual soil of brackish or marine tongues in the 

 Chandler formation, on the south flank of the Awuna 

 syncline (field sample 47A Wh 623), at lat. 69°03'18" 

 N., long. 156°02'30" W., in the northern foothills of 

 the Brooks Range, northern Alaska. Collected by 

 C. L. Whittington, 1947. 



