AMERICAN MOTHS OF THE SUBFAMILY PHl'dTINAE 



273 



Venation in Euzophera is subject to considerable 

 individual variation especially as regards the relation 

 of vein 10 of forewing to 8-9. In our American species 

 and the European cinerosella (fig. 77) vein 10 is from the 

 cell and normally distinctly separated from the stalk of 

 8-9, though in individual specimens of any American 

 species it may be either connate with or approximate, 

 for some distance, to the stalk. In the European 

 pinguis Haworth, it may be from the middle of the 

 stalk, short stalked, or connate with it, or (rarely) from 

 the cell and distinctly separate. 



563. Euzophera eemifimeralis (Walker) 



Figures 579, 1064 



Nephopieryx semifuneralis Walker, List, pt. 27, p. 57, 1863. 



Euzophera aglaeella Ragonot, N. Amer. Phycitida«, p. 14, 1887; 

 Monograph, pt. 2, p. 65, 1901.— Hulst, Phycitidae of N. 

 Amer., p. 177, 1890. — Essig, Insects of western North Amer- 

 ica, p. 710, 1929.— McDunnough, Check list. No. 6316, 1939. 



Sienoptycha pallulella Hulst, Ent. Amer., vol. 3, p. 137, 1887. 



Euzophera semifuneralis (Walker) Ragonot, Ent. Amer., vol. 5, p. 

 116, 1889.— Forbes, S. A., Psyche, vol. 5, p. 295, 1890.— 

 Hulst, Phycitidae of N. Amer., p. 175, 1890. — Hampson, in 

 Ragonot, Monograph, pt. 2, p. 66, 1901.— Blakeslee, U. S. 

 Dep. Agr. Bull. 261, 13 pp., 1915.— Forbes, W. T. M., 

 Cornel Mem. 68, p. 631, 1923. — Essig, Insects of western 

 North America, p. 710, 1929.— Keifer, Monthly Bull. 

 Dep. Agr. California, vol. 20, p. 618, 1931. — McDun- 

 nough, Check list, No. 6317, 1939. 



Forewing with basal and terminal areas dark to pale 

 reddish brown more or less dusted with white along 

 costa and (in very pale specimens) in apical-terminal 

 area; area between the transverse lines densely dusted 

 with blackish scales; antemedial line more or less ver- 

 tical to lower margin of cell, inwardly angled at lower 

 fold, white bordered outwardly by a black line; sub- 

 terminal line somewhat irregular, usually out-angled 

 evenly at middle, white, bordered inwardly by a black 

 line ; discal black dots more or less obscured in the black 

 dusting of median area, usually a white mark on dis- 

 cocellular vein; a line of black dots along terminal 

 margin, confluent in some specimens, distinctly sepa- 

 rated in others. Hind wing white to smoky fuscous, 

 more or less darkened along terminal margin, at apex, 

 and along some of the veins. Alar expanse, 16.5-28 

 mm. (Hampson gives extreme expanse as 34 mm.). 



Male genitalia with lateral, projecting lobes of trans- 

 tilla and lateral lobes of anellus more slender than those 

 of other American species; cucullus of harpe nan-ower 

 and more elongate; vinculum somewhat longer than 

 broad; uncus evenly tapering. Female genitalia with 

 bursa rather small and wrinkled over most of its surface. 



Type localities: "North America" (semifuneralis, 

 in BM); Sonora, Mexico {aglaeella, in Paris Mus.); 

 Colorado (pallvlella, in AMNH, ex Rutgers). 



Food plants: Various deciduous trees (apple, apri- 

 cot, pear, peach, plum, persimmon, cherry, mulbeiTy, 

 walnut, pecan, olive, linden, poplar, Liquidambar, 

 Ginkgo, mountain ash). Larva a bark borer. Also 

 stems of cotton and corn. 



Distribution: United States: New Hampshire, 

 Hampton; Connecticut, East River (July, Sept.); New 



York (no exact locahty); New Jersey, Hackensack 

 (Nov.), Montclair (May, Aug.), Momstown (June); 

 Maryland, Plummers Isl. (May); District oj Columbia, 

 Washington (May, Sept.); Virginia, Cape Henry (July), 

 Vienna (May); North Carolina, Southern Pines (Mar., 

 Apr.), Tryon (May); South Carolina, Anderson (Oct.); 

 Georgia, Fort Valley; Michigan, Monroe; Indiana, Bed- 

 ford (Apr.); Illinois, Decatur (Apr.); Kansas, Lawrence 

 (May), On&ga; Missouri, St. Louis (June); Mississippi, 

 Jackson (Feb.), Tishomingo (Nov.); Texas, Blanco 

 County, BrownsvUle, Brownwood (Oct.), Justine (June), 

 Kerrville (Apr.), Paris, Piano (Sept.), San Benito (July), 

 San Diego (May), Shovel Mountain, Snyder (Mar., 

 Apr.), Victoria (Apr.), Zavalla County (Apr.); New 

 Mexico, Mesilla, Roswell (Apr.); .Arizona, Baboquivari 

 Mts. (Apr., May), Chiricahua Mts., Garces, Huachuca 

 Mts., Palmerlee, Scotsdale (May), Yavapai Coimty; 

 Colorado, Denver (June); Utah, Bellevue (May); Cali- 

 fornia, Corningi (Jan.), Inyo County (June, July), 

 Loma Linda (Sept.), Piru (Ventura County, July), Pla- 

 cerville (Jan., May), Putah Canyon (Yolo County, 

 Nov.). Canada: British Columbia, Alberni (July), 

 Dimcans (Vancouver Isl., Aug.). Mexico: Sonora. 



The species is variable in color but is easily distin- 

 guished by the reddish basal and terminal areas of fore- 

 wing and the narrowed, black-dusted area between the 

 transverse lines. The name aglaeella represents a color 

 form, with paler red-brown areas and more strongly 

 contrasted, blackish median dustings and markings. 

 It is commoner in the Western and Southwestern States 

 and Mexico than elsewhere but cannot be maintained 

 as a race; for it also occurs in the East and there are inter- 

 grades between it and the typical dark form, common to 

 the Eastern and Central States, but occurring through- 

 out the range of the insect. The species is of some im- 

 portance as an orchard insect, the larvae often doing 

 considerable damage as a bark borer in plum, olive, and 

 walnut trees. It is known in economic literature as 

 the "American plum borer." 



564. Euzophera oslricolorella Hulst 

 Figures 580, 1065 



Euzophera oslricolorella Hulst, Phycitidae of N. Amer. p. 175, 

 1890. — Hampson, in Ragonot, Monograph, pt. 2, p. 67, 

 1901.— Heinrich, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 57, p. 87, 1920 

 (life history, larva and pupa). — Forbes, Cornell Mem. 68, 

 p. 631, 1923.— McDunnough, Check list, No. 6319, 1939. 



Forewing purplish brown, dark grayish fuscous along 

 costa and with some grayish dusting in apical area; 

 transverse lines whitish, not darldy bordered ; anteme- 

 dial line vertical to lower margin of cell, deeply angled 

 below, at fold; sub terminal line sinuate; a whitish line 

 along discocellular vein at end of cell; along termen a 

 row of obscure, blackish dots; in some specimens a suf- 

 fusion of dark red brown in basal area and above inner 

 margins beyond base, especially on the folds. Hind 

 wing rather pale smoky fuscous with a fine dark line 

 along terminal margin. Alar expanse, 29-40 mm. 



Male genitalia with lateral, projecting lobes of trans- 

 tiUa broader than those of semifuneralis; anellus very 



