302 



UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 207 



sclerotized band or a row of sclerotized wrinklings. 

 Vinculum stout, longer than broad, tapering slightly to 

 blunt terminal margin. 



Female genitalia with apophyses of ovipositor and 

 intersegmental area between ovipositor and eighth seg- 

 ment collar short; ductus bursae strongly spined towards 

 bursa or bearing a longitudinal row of sclerotized ridges; 

 signa present, consisting of a row of narrow sclerotized 

 discs; ductus seminalis from bursa approximate to signa. 



Ephestia as here defined is an Old World genus. Even 

 with kuhniella and the formerly included American 

 species removed, it remains somewhat of a heteroge- 

 neous group. I suspect that the type species {elutella) 

 has a different faunal origin than cautella, figulilella, 

 callidella, and afflatella, which, because of their similar 

 habits, present distribution and genitalic structures are 

 associated with it; but until the Old World species now 

 in Ephestia can be thoroughly studied and the incon- 

 gruous ones given a better generic placement we shall 

 have to keep the more or less cosmopolitan species 

 together. However, elutella has a different hind wing 

 venation and a different type of harpe from the others 

 and I believe will eventually be genericaUy distin- 

 guished.'^ Three species are represented in the Amer- 

 icas, all apparently imports from the Old World. 

 They separate into groups as follows: 



Hind wing with veins 3 and 5 stalked; costa of harpe smooth. 

 Hind wing with veins 3 and 5 approximate at base; harpe 



with digitate projection from middle or near middle 



of costa. 



Color and markings are of little help in distinguishing 

 the species. There is so much individual variation and 

 so little specific difference, even between typical speci- 

 mens, that superficial habitus can not be trusted. 

 Genitalia on the other hand do readily identify and 

 distinguish the species. Their specific characters are 

 several, obvious, and consistent. These organs should 

 be examined in every instance when specific identifica- 

 tion is of any importance. 



Genus Ephestia, Species 623: E. elutella 



[Hind wing with veins 3 and 5 stalked; costa of harpe smooth.] 



623. Ephestia elutella (Hiibner) 

 Figures 126, 628, 1122 



Tinea elutella Hiibner, Sammlung europaischer Schmetterlinge, 

 Lepidoptera 8, Tinea 5, pi. 24, fig. 163, 1796. 



Phycis elutea Haworth, Lepidoptera Britannica, p. 496, 1811 

 (amended spelling for elutella). 



Phycis semirufa Haworth, Lepidoptera Britannica, p. 496, 1811. 



Phycis rufa Haworth, Lepidoptera Britannica, p. 497, 1811. 



Phycis elutella (Hiibner) Zincken, in Germar and Zincken, Mag. 

 der Ent., vol. 3, p. 176, 1818.— Treitschke, Die Schmetter- 

 linge von Europa, vol. 9, p. 194, 1832. — Duponchel, Histoire 

 naturelle des l^pidoptferes, ou papUlons de France, vol. 10, 

 p. 204, 1836. 



"3 Ephestia vitivora Filipjev (Deuts. Ent. Zeit. "Iris," Dresden, 

 vol. 45, p. 70, 1931) from Transcaucasia is distinct from, but 

 obviously very close to, and in the event of any further division 

 of Ephestia, congeneric with elutella — suggesting a western Asiatic 

 origin for the latter. 



Phycita semirufa (Haworth) Stephens, Illustrations of British 

 entomology, Haustellata, vol. 4, p. 305, 1834. — Wood, Index 

 entomologicus, p. 210, pi. 46, fig. 1457, 1839.— Westwood 

 and Humphreys, British moths and their transformations, 

 vol. 2, p. 229, 1845. 



Phycita elutella (Hubner) Stephens, Illustrations of British ento- 

 mology, Haustellata, vol. 4, p. 304, 1834. — Wood, Index 

 entomologicus, p. 210, pi. 46, fig. 1454, 1839. — Westwood 

 and Humphreys, British moths ,and their transformations, 

 vol. 2, p. 229, 1845. 



Myelois elutella (Hubner) Zeller, Isis von Oken, 1839, pp. 176, 

 343. 



Ephestia elutella (Hubner) GufinSe, Europaeorum Microlepidop- 

 terorum index methodicus . . . , p. 81, 1845. — Herrich- 

 Schaffer, Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von 

 Europa, vol. 4, p. 110, 1849. — Stainton, Manual of British 

 butterflies and moths, vol. 2, p. 168, 1859. — Heinemann, Die 

 Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der Schweiz, Abt. 2, vol. 1, 

 pt. 2, p. 201, 1865.— Zeller, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 

 25, p. 338, 1876.— Hulst, Phycitidae of N. Amer., p. 200, 

 1900; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, p. 435, 1903.— Hampson, in 

 Ragonot, Monograph, pt. 2, p. 300, 1901. — Forbes, Cornell 

 Mem. 68, p. 635, 1923.— Curran, Sci. Agr., vol. 6, p. 386, 

 1926. — Meyrick, Revised handbook of British Lepidoptera, 

 p. 388, 1928. — Munro and Thomson, Empire Marketing 

 Board, No. 24, London, H. M. Stationery Office, p. 22, 

 1929.— Noyes, Bull. Ent. Res., p. 80, 1930.— Richards and 

 Herford, Ann. Appl. Biol., vol. 17, p. 380, 1930.— Back and 

 Reed, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 23, p. 1004, 1930. — Richards 

 and Thomson, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 80, p. 185, 

 1932. — Bovingdon, Empire Marketing Board, No. 67, pp. 1- 

 88, 1933.— Norris, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1934, pp. 333- 

 360, 1934. — Dickins, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 85, 

 p. 348, 1936. — Lehmensick and Liebers, Zeitschr. angew. 

 Ent., Berlin, vol. 24, p. 442, 1937. — Pierce and Metcalfe, 

 Genitalia of the British Pyrales, p. 6, 1938. — McDunnough, 

 Check list. No. 6401, 1939.— Hinton, Bull. Ent. Res., vol. 

 34, p. 196, 1943.— Corbet and Tams, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- 

 don, vol. 113, ser. b, p. 64, 1943. 



Hypantidium sericarium Scott, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 27, 

 p. 207, 1859. — Corbet and Tams, Entomologist, vol. 78, 

 p. 87, 1945 (establish synonymy with elutella). 



Ephestia semirufa (Haworth) Staudinger, Horae Soc. Ent. Ros- 

 sicae, vol. 15, p. 229, 1879. 



Ephestia roxburghii Gregson, Entomologist, vol. 6, p. 318, 1873. — 

 Ragonot, Monograph, pt. 2, p. 301, 1901. — Richards and 

 Thomson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., vol. 80, p. 187, 1932. 



Ephestia elutella unicolorella Staudinger, Horae Soc. Ent. Ros- 

 sicae, vol. 15, p. 228, 1879. 



Ephestia unicolorella Staudinger, Horae Soc. Ent. Rossicae, vol. 

 16, p. 89, 1881. — Ragonot and Hampson, in Ragonot, Mono- 

 graph, pt. 2, p. 229, 1901. — Richards and Thomson, Trans. 

 Ent. Soc. London, vol. 80, p. 187, 1932. 



Ephestia amarella Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 27, p. 921, 

 1904. 



Forewing dark brown to pale gray, sometimes with a 

 paler shade between lower fold and inner margin; color 

 variable; transverse lines usually distinguishable; ante- 

 medial line obscure, oblique, bordered outwardly by a 

 narrow dark shade, the latter approaching middle of 

 wing; sub terminal line somewhat sinuate, faintly bor- 

 dered on both sides by dark lines. Hiad wing smoky 

 white to pale fuscous. Alar expanse, 13-18 nam. 



Male genitalia with prongs of apical process of 

 gnathos forming a V, more narrowly spaced than in 

 other species of the genus. Harpe without projections 

 from costa. Female genitalia with ductus bursae rather 

 coarsely spined for about haK its length towards biu-sa; 

 bursa evenly and minutely spined. 



